THE APOSTLE PAUL (Part 2)

Let God’s curse fall on anyone, including us or even an angel from heaven, who preaches a different kind of Good News than the one we preached to you. I say again what we have said before: If anyone preaches any other Good News than the one you welcomed, let that person be cursed. [Galatians 1:8-9 (NLT)]

chickoryIn his letter to the Galatians, Paul refutes the message of those who preached that adherence to Jewish laws was required of all believers. His are harsh judgmental words from a man who never even walked with Jesus on earth. Why was Paul’s Gospel the definitive one rather than the one the Galatians heard preached by the Judaizers? For the first two chapters of his letter, Paul explains the source of his apostolic authority.

Paul clearly states the divine origin of his message in verse 12: “I received my message from no human source, and no one taught me. Instead, I received it by direct revelation from Jesus Christ.” Saying that he came to the Gospel neither by his own understanding nor by another person’s teaching, Paul claimed his message came from a divine source—the Lord Himself! Indeed, nothing but divine intervention can explain Paul’s incredible conversion from a fanatical persecutor of Christians into an equally fanatical evangelist for Christ’s church! No one with Paul’s background and personality could have been convinced and converted by anyone other than the Lord! He is the poster boy for the Holy Spirit’s transforming power!

To emphasize that he didn’t get the gospel from any man, Paul explained that he spent three years in Arabia after his conversion before returning to Damascus and finally going to Jerusalem to meet Peter. Strict chronology seemed unimportant to Scripture’s writers and, without any punctuation or breaks between words, sentences, paragraphs, or chapters in the original writing, it often is unclear. As best as scholars can figure, Paul’s time in Arabia probably began in Acts 9 between verses 19 and 20. Since any part of a year was considered a year, Paul spent anywhere from as little as 14 months to as much as 36 months in Arabia.

In Paul’s day, Arabia referred to Nabatea, a large and prosperous kingdom east of Galilee extending as far north as Damascus and beyond Petra to the south. When considering those three years, I used to picture a confused Saul retreating into the Nabatean desert to study Scripture and try to reconcile the Christian-hating, Gentile-detesting Pharisee he’d been with the Christ-loving, Gentile-welcoming evangelist he became! I was wrong!

Although it resulted in temporary blindness, Saul’s conversion didn’t result in confusion; meeting Jesus brought clarity to the man. From the moment of his conception, God had been preparing Saul to meet Jesus on that road to Damascus! When that happened, everything he’d learned in the Hebrew Scriptures finally made complete sense! The Apostle has been described as a man who wouldn’t learn to swim by reading about it. He’d jump in the deep end and start paddling and that’s exactly what Saul did following his conversion. Acts tells us he “immediately began preaching about Jesus in the synagogues.” [9:20]

To further emphasize that his message did not come from men, Paul told the Galatians that, when he finally went to Jerusalem (after his time in Arabia), he stayed only two weeks and met just Peter and James. It was some fourteen years after his conversion that Paul went to Jerusalem and finally met with the leaders of the church. At that time, he shared with them the message he was preaching to the Gentiles “to make sure that we were in agreement…and the leaders of the church had nothing to add to what I was preaching.” [Galatians 2:2,6] Independent of the other Apostles, Paul preached the very same gospel they did because, like them, he learned it from Jesus! Paul’s apostolic authority came from God Himself!

“Who are you, lord?” I asked. “And the Lord replied, ‘I am Jesus, the one you are persecuting. Now get to your feet! For I have appeared to you to appoint you as my servant and witness. Tell people that you have seen me, and tell them what I will show you in the future.’” [Acts 26:15-16 (NLT)]

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THE APOSTLE PAUL (Part 1)

I used to believe that I ought to do everything I could to oppose the very name of Jesus the Nazarene. Indeed, I did just that in Jerusalem. Authorized by the leading priests, I caused many believers there to be sent to prison. And I cast my vote against them when they were condemned to death. Many times I had them punished in the synagogues to get them to curse Jesus. I was so violently opposed to them that I even chased them down in foreign cities. [Acts 26:9-11 (NLT)]

red-shouldered hawkOf the twenty-seven books of the New Testament, thirteen are attributed to the Apostle Paul. We know he wrote another letter to the Corinthians and the prolific letter writer probably wrote letters to believers in places like Damascus, Caesarea, and Jerusalem, but these thirteen are all that remain. Considering Nero’s persecution of Christians, the violence during the Jewish revolt, and Domitian’s persecution of Jews and Christians, all of which happened before the end of the 1st century, it’s a wonder that any of Paul’s letters survived! God, however, saw to it that these thirteen ”God-breathed” epistles were preserved and became part of the Christian canon.

What do we know about this man who founded more than a dozen churches—the man scholars consider second only to Jesus in his contribution to Christianity? When we first meet him, he is known by his Jewish name of Saul. As a free-born Roman citizen, he had a commonly used Roman name which was Paullus (Paul). But, as the son of devout Jewish parents, he also had a Hebrew name—Saul—a fitting name for a boy from King Saul’s tribe. It was not until about 15 years after Saul’s conversion, when he moved further into Gentile territory on his first missionary journey, that Saul (and Luke) began using his Roman name of Paul.

Although he was born to Jewish parents in Tarsus, the capital city of Cilicia (modern day Turkey), Paul claimed Jerusalem was his boyhood home and it is believed that his family moved to Jerusalem around 10 AD. As the son of a Pharisee, he would have strictly observed the law and oral traditions and, by the age of five, started studying Scripture and Jewish history. As the son of a tent-maker (or fabric/leather worker), he also would have learned his father’s trade.

Sometime between the ages of 10 and 15, Saul began his studies with the highly esteemed Rabbi Gamaliel, a leader in the Jewish Sanhedrin. As Gamaliel’s student, he would have memorized the Torah and rabbinical traditions. The Apostle’s ability to read, write, and clearly articulate his thoughts in Koine Greek (and quote from the Greek poets), tells us he was extremely well-educated.

As a Pharisee, Judaism consumed Saul’s entire life and he would have been passionate about preserving the faith and traditions he loved. As a result, Saul vehemently opposed the church. While we have no evidence of him killing Christians, he clearly approved of their executions! Wanting to eradicate followers of the Way, Saul zealously went into believers’ homes and dragged both men and women out so they could be imprisoned. He was so enthusiastic about preventing the church from spreading beyond Jerusalem that he requested permission to go Damascus to arrest any Christ followers who may have fled there to avoid persecution. It was on the road to Damascus that Saul literally “saw the light” when he saw the risen Jesus Christ before him. It was then that Saul became a new person in Christ Jesus and the persecutor became an evangelist!

As for Paul’s appearance—an early Christian document describes him as a partly bald, bow-legged, short man with large eyes, long nose, and a unibrow. In 2 Corinthians, Paul refers to having a “thorn” in his flesh but we don’t know the nature of his affliction. Some scholars speculate it may have been an eye problem while others that it possibly was epilepsy. Whatever it was, the condition never deterred the Apostle from his purpose!

With his exceptional education, extensive Biblical knowledge, and intense personality, Saul/Paul was uniquely qualified to become an evangelist for Jesus. Nevertheless, even the best credentials don’t automatically give someone authority. Unlike the twelve apostles, he hadn’t traveled with Jesus from His baptism until His death. He wasn’t there in the upper room or when Christ ascended into heaven. Nevertheless, by the end of the 1st century, Paul’s letters were regarded as authoritative for the church. Why? What gave this man who once mercilessly persecuted Christ’s followers the apostolic authority to preach the gospel, clarify doctrine, or correct the false teachings of others? That question is answered in Part 2.

My old self has been crucified with Christ. It is no longer I who live, but Christ lives in me. So I live in this earthly body by trusting in the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me. [Galatians 2:20 (NLT)]

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HIS SANCTUARY

Don’t you realize that your body is the temple of the Holy Spirit, who lives in you and was given to you by God? You do not belong to yourself, for God bought you with a high price. So you must honor God with your body. [1 Corinthians 6:19-20 (NLT)]

St. Paul's Cathedral - MNSince we both attended liturgical churches as girls, my friend and I were trying to recall the terms for the various parts of a traditional church building. We knew the foyer is called the narthex and the congregation sits the church’s nave. We also knew the altar rail usually separated the nave from the chancel in the front. It’s from the chancel that the service is conducted and where the altar, pulpit, and lectern are located. We even recalled that the sacristy was the room holding Communion supplies and linens. Since we were worshipping in a park that morning, my friend asked the location of our sanctuary. In historic usage, sanctuary and chancel were synonymous but, in modern usage, a sanctuary consists of the entire worship space of a church. With no building, we had no narthex, nave, or chancel but we did have a worship space; our sanctuary was a gazebo in a county park.

As God would have it, my next morning’s reading took me to today’s verse from 1 Corinthians. The Greek word usually translated as “temple” was naós, meaning a sanctuary, a divine dwelling-place, a temple, or place of divine manifestation. In Paul’s day, naós referred to the Temple proper, from the inner courts to the Holy Place with the seven-branched candlestick, golden incense altar, and showbread table all the way to the innermost area called the Holy of Holies—a place so sacred that it could be entered only by the High Priest once a year, on the Day of Atonement.

Having recently written about the lack of respect and reverence now common in a church sanctuary, Paul’s words gave me pause. The Temple and all its utensils—from the Ark, altars, and lamps to the snuffers, basins, oil, incense, and priest’s garments—were considered holy. Dedicated solely to serving God, they were not to be used for common or profane uses. If we are God’s sanctuary, a place of worship and the divine dwelling place of the Holy Spirit, do we treat ourselves with the reverence and respect due God’s temple? Are we solely dedicated to serving God? Are we ever used for vulgar, disrespectful, or profane purposes?

Do we ever desecrate our sanctuary by not treating our bodies properly? Do we treat them with the same care and regard we would Communion wafers, altar linens, or a Baptismal font? God’s sanctuary, however, is more than our physical bodies; it’s our entire being, our hearts and minds. Do we speak, read, look at, find humor in, think about, or do things we wouldn’t if we were in church? Do we always serve as a worship space of our amazing Triune God or just during prayers or worship service? Do we reflect the dignity, sanctity, and holiness that comes with being the house of God?

A great deal of responsibility comes with being God’s dwelling place. Just as the Temple was defiled in 168 BC when Antiochus Epiphanes sacrificed a pig on the altar of incense, our sins defile us. They are like obscene graffiti on a church walls, vandalism of the altar, defacement of the Bible, or leaving excrement on the pews. Preacher Harry Ironside reminds us, “How careful you and I ought to be that we grieve not that blessed One who dwells within, that we do not bring dishonor upon the name of the Savior who has sent His Spirit to live in our body.”

The Jews were so zealous about maintaining the purity of God’s sanctuary that a low fence  separated the court of the Gentiles from the rest of the Temple mount complex. Gentiles and ritually unclean Israelites were forbidden, on pain of death, from passing through its gates to the interior areas—the sanctuary of the Temple. Are we that zealous about keeping His dwelling place within us—His sanctuary—pure and undefiled?

For that matter, our brothers and sisters in Christ also serve as a dwelling place of God. Do we treat them with the same reverence and respect due God’s sanctuary? We should!

Don’t you realize that all of you together are the temple of God and that the Spirit of God lives in you?… All of you together are Christ’s body, and each of you is a part of it. [1 Corinthians 3:16,12:27 (NLT)]

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WHOSE SIDE?

When Joshua was near the town of Jericho, he looked up and saw a man standing in front of him with sword in hand. Joshua went up to him and demanded, “Are you friend or foe?” “Neither one,” he replied. “I am the commander of the Lord’s army.” [Joshua 5:13-14 (NLT)]

spiderwortThe Israelites had just crossed the Jordan River and were preparing to conquer Canaan when Joshua came upon an armed man. Joshua was a stranger in a foreign land and, as Israel’s general, he may have been scrutinizing Jericho’s defenses to determine his plan of attack. I wonder if Joshua brandished his sword (while shaking in his sandals) as he queried, “Friend or foe?” The man, however, was neither ally nor adversary. Identifying himself as the commander-in-chief of the Lord’s army, his loyalty was to neither side. His allegiance was to God and the only side he was on was God’s! God wasn’t on Israel’s side any more than He was on Canaan’s. Israel, however, was on God’s side because their conquest of Jericho was part of His master plan of redemption. It was because they were on God’s side that the fortified city’s walls collapsed.

Jump ahead some 500 years to King Asa of Judah. In 2 Chronicles, we find the people of Judah under attack by an Ethiopian army of tens of thousands equipped with 300 chariots. Asa turned to God for guidance. Rather than ask God to be on their side, he prayed that Judah’s side was God’s and confirmed that it was in God’s name that they fought. In spite of overwhelming odds, Judah’s army was victorious, not because God was on their side but because they were on God’s. Asa then committed his kingdom to seeking God with all their heart and soul.

Unfortunately, twenty-one years later, the King forgot whose side he was on when Israel invaded Judah. Rather than turning to God, he committed himself to an alliance with the pagan Ben-hadad of Aram. Although the alliance at first appeared to be a success, the prophet Hanani rebuked the king for violating his covenant to seek the Lord’s side. Sadly, Asa’s foolhardiness meant that Judah would continue to be at war for generations.

When addressing a joint session of Congress in 1984, President Ronald Reagan noted that America was founded by men who believed God was their rock of safety. The President then added, “We must be cautious in claiming that God is on our side, but I think it’s all right to keep asking if we’re on His side.” 120 years earlier, in the midst of the Civil War, one of Abraham Lincoln’s advisors said he was grateful God was on their side. Lincoln replied, “Sir, my concern is not whether God is on our side; my greatest concern is to be on God’s side, for God is always right.” Being on God’s side should be our concern, as well. Our all-powerful God does not choose sides; there only is one side and it is His.

Whether the dispute or disagreement is religious, political, familial, among neighbors or nations, we tend to get behind one side or another. Before taking sides, drawing lines in the sand, making threats, burning bridges, creating alliances, waging battle, or championing a cause, we must prayerfully determine which side is God’s. In many of our disputes, there’s a fair chance that neither side is God’s! While we may not be sure where God stands on every question, we do know He’s on the side of things like love, peace, forgiveness, truth, mercy, compassion, salvation, justice, healing, generosity, humility, decency, righteousness, and kindness. Let His Spirit and Word be our guide. Remember, it doesn’t matter whose side we’re on, if it isn’t God’s!

They always win who side with God. [Frederick W. Faber]

The Lord will stay with you as long as you stay with him! Whenever you seek him, you will find him. But if you abandon him, he will abandon you. [2 Chronicles 15:2b (NLT)]

Don’t copy the behavior and customs of this world, but let God transform you into a new person by changing the way you think. Then you will learn to know God’s will for you, which is good and pleasing and perfect. [Romans 12:2 (NLT)]

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SANCTIFIED

May God himself, the God of peace, sanctify you through and through. May your whole spirit, soul and body be kept blameless at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ. [1 Thessalonians 5:23 (NIV)]

This life, therefore is not righteousness but growth in righteousness, not health but healing, not being but becoming, not rest but exercise. We are not now what we shall be, but we are on our way. The process is not yet finished, but it is actively going on. This is not the end but it is the right road. At present, everything is being cleaned. [Martin Luther]

white oibos - juvenile - adultOur sons recently visited to celebrate their father’s birthday. As I watched them work their culinary magic in the kitchen, I marveled at how the boys who once thought Kraft mac n’ cheese to be haute cuisine became gourmet cooks. For that matter, when did they get so tall or those wrinkles appear around their eyes? At what point did the tow-headed boy’s hair darken and start receding or his brother’s turn grey? The changes I observed weren’t just physical. As we talked, I wondered when my once irresponsible boys became so sensible and wise. None of it happened overnight and yet each little change was so subtle it barely was noticed. But, when I thought back to the children and young adults they once were, the change was enormous.

When we accept Jesus, we are justified: set free by the blood of Christ, our sins are forgiven and we are spiritually reborn. But, because we still sin, our work has just begun. No parent wants their children to remain helpless infants, unthinking youngsters, or reckless teens and God is the same way with His children. Just as babies must learn to walk, new believers must learn how to walk in the steps of Jesus. We gradually transform from newborn Christians into mature ones through the power of the Holy Spirit in a process called sanctification. While justification is once and done, sanctification is a lifelong journey. Growing in grace, we become obedient to God’s Word, understand His ways and, little by little, become more like Christ.

Although challenges are often accompanied by spiritual growth spurts, for the most part, we transform gradually in barely noticeable ways (as did my boys). If we look back, however, we’ll see the difference our sanctification/spiritual growth has made in the way we conduct our lives. Because of our faith in Jesus, somewhere along the line, we probably developed enough patience to deal with our tiresome neighbor, enough wisdom to counsel a troubled friend, or enough restraint to step away from an argument. At some point, we found the ability to have peace in the midst of turmoil and self-discipline in the face of temptation. We began to love the unlovable, forgive the unforgiveable, and give generously without expecting something in return. When looking back, we’ll realize how the Holy Spirit slowly but steadily matured us from baby Christians into adolescents and beyond.

No matter how far we’ve come in our journey, a little self-examination tells us how far we still need to go. Like the wrinkles that come with age, sanctification it is a gradual, daily, and life-long process. But, unlike those inescapable wrinkles, sanctification isn’t inevitable—it takes effort. To become sanctified, we must actively pursue a holy life. By yielding to God, we become empowered by the Spirit to live a life that honors Him (without becoming self-righteous, legalistic, or proud about doing so). Like a child learning to ride a bike, however, there will be times we fall but, by the grace of God, we keep trying!

Even though I’d prefer the face and body I had twenty years ago to the one I have now, it’s because of Jesus that I much prefer the woman I am today to the woman of decades past. While I don’t look forward to seeing more wrinkles in the mirror, I do look forward to the changes the Holy Spirit continues to make in me. While I’m not who I once was, I’m still nowhere close to the woman God wants me to be.

Yet, though I am not what I ought to be, nor what I wish to be, nor what I hope to be, I can truly say, I am not what I once was; a slave to sin and Satan; and I can heartily join with the apostle, and acknowledge, “By the grace of God I am what I am.” [John Newton]

 But by the grace of God I am what I am, and his grace to me was not without effect. [1 Corinthians 15:10 (NIV)]

Not that I have already obtained all this, or have already arrived at my goal, but I press on to take hold of that for which Christ Jesus took hold of me. [Philippians 3:12 (NIV)]

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HANUKKAH (2) – FEAST OF DEDICATION

Look at my servant, whom I strengthen. He is my chosen one, who pleases me. I have put my Spirit upon him. He will bring justice to the nations. [Isaiah 42:1 (NLT)]

In the same way, let your light shine before others, that they may see your good deeds and glorify your Father in heaven. [Matthew 5:16 (NLT)]
menorah

Most of us associate Hanukkah with Judaism’s menorah. Although the books of the Maccabees mention the relighting of the Temple’s lampstand/menorah, they make no mention of a miracle of oil. However, the Talmud (a collection of discussion and commentary on Jewish history, customs, law and culture) does. It claims that, while only one small flask of consecrated oil was found to light the menorah that first day, the lamp remained lit the entire eight days of celebration until new oil could be consecrated.

Although the Temple’s menorah had seven branches with wicks that burned fresh olive oil, Hanukkah’s menorah usually has nine branches with nine candles. Eight of those candles represent each day of the feast. The ninth candle, often placed in the center and slightly higher than the rest, is called the shamash, meaning servant. Rather than lighting each candle with a match, only the shamash is lit. It is this “servant” candle’s flame that is used to ignite the rest. Upon learning this, I couldn’t help but think of the Messianic prophecies of a suffering servant found in Isaiah 53. That servant was Jesus—He was the shamash who brought God’s light into the world and, like the shamash candle, He gave His light to our lives. By trusting in Him, Jesus said we become  “children of the light,” and, as His children, we are His servants. The Great Commission tells us that we are to be the shamash candles who continue to bring His light into our troubled world.

Thinking of Hanukkah merely as a festival of lights, however, misses the heart of this story—the rededication of the Temple. When a ragtag group of Jewish rebels retook the Temple from the powerful Seleucid army, the Temple had been desecrated and profaned. Before resuming worship there, the Temple had to be cleaned, the idols removed, the pagan altar dismantled, and a new altar consecrated. Only after they made it a fitting place for Jehovah to live did they re-dedicate the Temple to God.

For the people of Judah, the Temple was where God resided. For the people of Jesus, however, it is our bodies—our hearts, minds, and souls—that serve as a temple for God’s Holy Spirit. As believers, we are God’s temple individually and, as the body or church of Christ, we are His temple collectively. As His temple, we should be as holy and pure as were the Temple’s menorah and altar. Nevertheless, it’s difficult to walk through this sinful world and not have some of its filth contaminate us. Things like hate, anger, prejudice, envy, pride, deception, and greed defile us as much as that pig’s blood and idol of Zeus defiled Jerusalem’s Temple. Worse, as the collective temple of God, we’ve seen His church desecrated with things like corruption, exploitation, abuse, hypocrisy, bigotry, and shoddy, distorted and false doctrine. Like the Maccabees, do we need to do some cleaning of His holy temple?

The season of Hanukkah reminds us that Jesus is the servant whose light overcame the darkness of the world. My prayer for this Christmas season is that we allow Hanukkah’s story and traditions to inspire us so that we rid our lives of all that defiles His temple. Let us rededicate ourselves to the Lord and, as His servants, may we glorify Him in all we do.

He that chooses God, devotes himself to God as the vessels of the sanctuary were consecrated and set apart from common to holy uses, so he that has chosen God to be his God, has dedicated himself to God, and will no more be devoted to profane uses. [Thomas Watson]

Don’t you realize that your body is the temple of the Holy Spirit, who lives in you and was given to you by God? You do not belong to yourself, for God bought you with a high price. So you must honor God with your body. [1 Corinthians 6:19-20 (NLT)]

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