THE LUCK OF THE IRISH

How happy is the one who does not walk in the advice of the wicked or stand in the pathway with sinners or sit in the company of mockers! Instead, his delight is in the Lord’s instruction, and he meditates on it day and night. He is like a tree planted beside flowing streams that bears its fruit in its season, and its leaf does not wither. Whatever he does prospers. [Psalm 1:1-3 (CSB]

lucky IrishWhen we celebrate St. Patrick’s Day tomorrow, I suspect the revered bishop who brought Christianity to Ireland in the 5th century wouldn’t recognize this day in his honor. Originally a religious feast, it’s now a day for parades, sales, “Kiss Me I’m Irish” t-shirts, corned beef and cabbage, music, dancing, and lots of green (including hair, cookies, the Chicago River, milk shakes, and kegs of beer). St. Patrick, however, would recognize the common symbol of the day: the shamrock. Of course, to Patrick, the shamrock, with its three leaflets bound by a common stem, was a metaphor for the Holy Trinity. The shamrock’s three leaflets also came to symbolize faith, hope, and love.

“The luck of the Irish” may trace back to the thousands of superstitions in Irish folklore. (Getting married in May is bad luck but seeing a white horse in the morning is good!) The “lucky” four-leaf clover has its origins in ancient Celtic folklore. Irish and Celtic myths and legends also tell of fairies (Aes Sídhe) and pesky goblins (Púca) who were known to hand out both good and bad luck to humans. Nevertheless, it’s hard to see how a people who were invaded by Vikings, suppressed at the hand of England, suffered mass starvation during the Irish Potato Famine, failed at every revolution, and were treated like third class citizens upon their arrival in the U.S. could be called “lucky.”

According to Edwin T. O’Donnell of Holy Cross College, “the luck of the Irish” originally was a derogatory phrase here in the United States. During the silver and gold rush days of the 19th century, some of the most successful miners were Irish or Irish/American. Saying a miner’s success was “just the luck of the Irish” meant that it was mere happenstance and had nothing to do with the hours of drudgery the miner endured, the danger he faced, the sacrifices he made, the loneliness he suffered, or his skill with a pick and shovel.

Anne, a woman in my Bible study, mentioned her daughter’s recent school assignment. The girl and her parents were to paste pictures of the things that made them lucky on a large green construction paper shamrock. A woman of faith, Anne didn’t want to be one of those parents who make a mountain out of every molehill encountered in public school. Nevertheless, she credits God (not luck) with her family’s blessings, so she and her daughter pondered how to proceed with the assignment in a way that honors God. They pasted photos of their family on their “Lucky Family” shamrock and then wrote these words: “No luck involved! We are blessed by the grace of God to be a happy family!”

Attributing their happy family to luck would be as insulting to God as saying the success of a miner who’d struggled in difficult circumstances to stake his claim was just “the luck of the Irish.” Nevertheless, that construction paper shamrock with its three leaves also symbolizes what enables Anne’s family to live with joy, peace, forgiveness, and confidence: the Father, Son and Holy Spirit who govern and fill their lives. Moreover, the happiness of her family has to do with their faith, hope, and love (both for God and for one another). There was no “lucky” fourth leaflet on their shamrock because luck has nothing to do with it; God, however, does!

Don’t be deceived, my dear brothers and sisters. Every good and perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of lights, who does not change like shifting shadows. [James 1:16-17 (CSB)]

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PURIM

These days would be remembered and kept from generation to generation and celebrated by every family throughout the provinces and cities of the empire. This Festival of Purim would never cease to be celebrated among the Jews, nor would the memory of what happened ever die out among their descendants. [Esther 9:28 (NLT)]

Sunset tonight begins the 14th day of Adar in the Hebrew year 5783 and the Jewish celebration of  Purim (or the Festival of Lots). Lasting until sunset tomorrow night, Purim commemorates the saving of the Jewish people from annihilation in the ancient Persian Empire. Purim means “lots” in Persian and this holy day gets its name from the way the diabolical Haman determined the date to “destroy, kill, and annihilate all the Jewish people—young and old, women and children—and plunder their possessions.”

I first learned about this holiday in college when my Jewish roommate received boxes of delicious hamantaschen cookies she graciously shared with me. Hidden inside the sweet flaky triangular-shaped pastries was a sweet filling of either poppy seeds, prunes, or apricots. My roomie said the cookies represented Haman’s three-cornered hat but other sources say they represent his ears or the villain’s pockets filled with money. But, I’m getting ahead of myself without telling you the whole megillah.

“The whole megillah” is an idiom taken from Yiddish that means a long convoluted story, but the Megillah (with a capital M) is a scroll of the book of Esther (which truly is a complicated story filled with plot twists). It will be read during a synagogue service tonight and again tomorrow. The Megillah is read twice to emphasize that everything is orchestrated by God! Rather than the solemnity you’d expect in a place of worship on a holy day, it’s read very dramatically. Each of the 54 times the evil Haman’s name is mentioned, the congregation raucously stomp their feet, boo, hiss, and swing greggers (ratchet noisemakers).

The mitzvoth (religious duties) of Purim are outlined in Esther 9, the first of which is the reading of the Megillah. The second duty is that of feasting and joy. Families and friends feast on hamantaschen and kreplach. Children (and sometimes adults) dress in costume as Esther, Mordecai, or silly characters. Emphasizing the importance of friendship and community, the third mitzvah is to send portions of food to one another (which explains the hamantaschen sent to my roommate). The final mitzvah is that of giving gifts to the poor. To ensure that all Jews can experience the joy of Purim, every Jew is supposed to give money or food to at least two needy people.

Whether or not you’re familiar with the story of Esther, I urge you to read it. Unique about this short book is that God’s name is never mentioned. Nevertheless, His divine attention, direction, and power are evident on every page. His fingerprints are all over every coincidence in the story—from Mordecai overhearing a plot against the king and saving the king’s life to the king’s sleepless night that caused him to learn of Mordecai’s part in his rescue; from Queen Vashti’s banishment to Esther being drafted into the king’s harem; from Esther finding favor with the harem eunuch to being chosen queen; and from the massacre’s date being determined by the throwing of lots to Haman appearing to molest Esther just as Xerxes entered the room.

The miracles in this story were disguised as natural events and, like the sweet filling in the hamantaschen cookies and the savory ground beef or chicken inside the kreplach, God’s intervention was hidden. While God’s name isn’t found in the book of Esther, His activity is! He overruled history, overturned the plans of the wicked, and saved His people. Not every miracle involves something as dramatic as the parting of the sea. Sometimes, God’s miracles can be found in an unlikely friendship, overheard words, a bout of insomnia, the page of a king’s history book, or a roll of the dice!

Although Christians don’t observe Purim, perhaps we should. Let us never forget that Haman’s decree of death to the Jews extended to all Jews in the Persian empire, which would have included those Jews who had begun returning to Judah. Had Haman succeeded in his genocide, the Davidic line would have ended and disrupted God’s plan to send His son to be born a Jew in Bethlehem. The message we find in Esther is a simple one: God’s plans cannot be thwarted.

“For the time is coming,” says the Lord, “when I will raise up a righteous descendant from King David’s line. He will be a King who rules with wisdom. He will do what is just and right throughout the land. And this will be his name: ‘The Lord Is Our Righteousness.’ In that day Judah will be saved, and Israel will live in safety.” [Jeremiah 23:5-6 (NLT)]

The Lord of Heaven’s Armies has spoken—who can change his plans? When his hand is raised, who can stop him? [Isaiah 14:27 (NLT)]

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STUBBORN

“This is the finger of God!” the magicians exclaimed to Pharaoh. But Pharaoh’s heart remained hard. He wouldn’t listen to them, just as the Lord had predicted. [Exodus 8:19 (NLT)]

frogThe Book of Exodus tells of the many times Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh with the Lord’s message that he should let the Israelites leave Egypt. Unwilling to see his slave labor depart, Pharaoh demanded a miracle to prove that the Israelites’ God sent them. Aaron threw down his staff and it became a serpent but Egypt’s magicians managed to do the same thing. Even though Aaron’s staff swallowed up theirs, Pharaoh was unimpressed.

Over a period of time, Moses repeated his request, Pharaoh refused, and a series of plagues or judgments followed. First, Aaron fouled the waters of the Nile with blood but, when his magicians managed to turn clear water dark, Pharaoh remained unmoved. When Aaron brought frogs out of the Nile that covered the fields and invaded the houses, Pharaoh’s magicians also made frogs appear. Unlike Aaron, however, they couldn’t rid the land of the frogs. Nevertheless, Pharaoh remained steadfast in his refusal. When Aaron turned dust into an infestation of lice or gnats, Pharoah’s magicians couldn’t produce a gnat of their own. They admitted defeat saying, “This is the finger of God!” Nevertheless, the headstrong ruler refused to believe the marvels before him, even after witnessing the fourth plague—swarms of flies throughout Egypt but none in Goshen where the Hebrews lived!

The plagues intensified with each of Pharaoh’s refusals. The real damage and destruction began with the next plague when a deadly disease struck Egypt’s livestock. The plagues continued with boils on people and animals followed by a devastating hail storm. Ruining all the flax and barley, it killed anything or anyone not sheltered. Used mainly for clothing and drink, the loss of flax and barley made people’s lives difficult but not unbearable. Because the wheat hadn’t sprouted, it remained safe until swarms of locusts appeared and they ate any remaining vegetation. Famine was on the horizon in Egypt. Even though Goshen remained unaffected by these calamities and Moses could both start and stop every plague, Pharaoh remained intractable and unconvinced by the wonders he was witnessing.

The ninth plague, three days of darkness, should have been enough to convince anyone to let Israel go. Nevertheless, even though Egypt was facing famine, economic disaster, and social collapse, Pharaoh stood his ground. It was not until the final plague, the death of every first-born creature (including his son), that Pharaoh relented and allowed Israel to depart. Even then, he recklessly sent his soldiers after the fleeing Israelites only to have his entire army destroyed.

If the God of Moses could stop and start these plagues at will, why didn’t Pharaoh understand he was up against someone more powerful than he and a God more powerful than all of Egypt’s gods combined? The disasters rained upon Egypt clearly demonstrated that Jehovah, not Pharaoh, was in charge! Before lives were taken, Pharaoh had nine opportunities to change his mind, repent, and turn to Jehovah. The man should have been humiliated by the wonders that he’d seen at the hand of Israel’s God but he remained unwilling to submit to the Lord’s demands.

As horrible as those plagues were, they demonstrated God’s incredible patience. They began with temporary minor inconvenience and discomfort before escalating into destruction of livestock and crops, attacks on people, disaster, and death! Pharaoh was warned and he had opportunity after opportunity to recognize the God of Israel and let His people go. The court magicians ceded defeat after the third plague and, by the eighth, the people, facing famine and death, knew Egypt was ruined and begged Pharaoh to let Israel leave. Foiling the God of the Israelites, however, took precedence over the welfare of his own nation. Disregarding God’s warnings and the suffering of his land, Pharaoh remained unwilling to admit his helplessness against Israel’s God. Perhaps, believing his own press, he thought himself divine and able to win in his battle against the one true God! Pharaoh’s hardened heart resulted in Egypt enduring terrible affliction and loss. What distorted sense of pride kept Pharaoh from consenting to Israel’s request until no house in Egypt remained untouched by death?

Even though the fate of a nation does not rest on us, I can’t help but wonder if we’re a bit like Pharaoh sometimes. Do we ever insist on having things our way while ignoring the consequences? Are there times we are more concerned with winning than being right or with claiming victory rather than doing the right thing? Like Pharaoh, are we ever so arrogant and uncompromising that we’re unwilling to accept the possibility that we could be wrong? Are we ever so committed to a position that we’re unwilling to admit defeat? Do we ever harden our hearts to the truth? Do we ever harden our hearts to God?

A lowly person is a teachable person, easily entreated and open to explanation. Many of our spirits are too arrogant: they can teach others but can never themselves be taught. Many possess a stubborn spirit: they stick to their opinions even if they realize they are wrong.[Watchman Nee]

Your ancestors refused to listen to this message. They stubbornly turned away and put their fingers in their ears to keep from hearing. They made their hearts as hard as stone, so they could not hear the instructions or the messages that the Lord of Heaven’s Armies had sent them by his Spirit through the earlier prophets. [Zechariah 7:11-12 (NLT)]

For the hearts of these people are hardened, and their ears cannot hear, and they have closed their eyes—so their eyes cannot see, and their ears cannot hear, and their hearts cannot understand, and they cannot turn to me and let me heal them. [Matthew 13:15 (NLT)]

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FREE TO BE

So God created human beings in his own image. In the image of God he created them; male and female he created them. [Genesis 1: 27 (NLT)]

But the Lord God warned him, “You may freely eat the fruit of every tree in the garden—except the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. If you eat its fruit, you are sure to die.” [Genesis 2:16-17 (NLT)] 

When my grandchildren were little, our guest bedroom was their playroom. Whenever they played house or school, the dolls and stuffed animals were the “children” in their imaginary world. For the most part, the dolls were well-behaved and helped in the play kitchen, sat attentively in their chairs, and were nice to the other children. But, sometimes, those pretend children misbehaved and needed to be put in “time-out.” In their world of make-believe, why did my grands choose to have children who sometimes disobeyed? I suspect they enjoyed the opportunity to do the disciplining instead of always being the one getting disciplined! Then again, without benefit of theological discussion, perhaps they simply understood the concept of free will and gave their dolls the ability to choose.

The grands gave their dolls free will just as God did with mankind. If He hadn’t given us free will, God wouldn’t have needed to tell Adam not to eat from the tree and we’d still be in Eden. Knowing Adam and Eve would disobey, why did He put that tree in the garden in the first place? How could a loving God design a world in which man could and would make bad choices? While Genesis tells us what God did, it never really tells us why.

Genesis, however, tells us that, of all of God’s creatures, mankind is the one made in His image. God has the ability to make choices and, being made in His image, so do we. He gave us the ability to reason and make decisions. Without free will, we’d be more like mindless puppets than distinctive individuals. What kind of god would create intelligent beings who had no willpower—who had no choice but to serve him without question? Certainly not our God of love. He wanted a relationship with mankind, not some version of animatronic “Stepford” people or robots. If we could do nothing but love and obey, it wouldn’t be real love or obedience; the love would be obligatory and the obedience meaningless. God wanted man to choose to love and trust Him not because he has to, but because he wants to. So, why the tree? A choice can’t be made without having at least two options—something had to be prohibited. The problem was not in God’s faulty design of the garden; it was in man’s failure to make the right choice. Mankind abused the gift of free will.

Our good God designed a good world. In fact, He saw everything in the garden and said it was good, including that tree. The tree itself was not wicked; it was the knowledge of good and evil that was bad. By partaking of the tree, mankind knew what evil was. It wasn’t the tree that introduced death – it was our disobedience.

If we could only make right turns, we’d go in a circle, but God gave us the ability to take our own individual journey and turn both left and right. Loving and obeying Him was not the only choice in that garden and it’s not the only option now. It is, however, the only option that will give us joy and an abundant life, both now and forever.

If a thing is free to be good it is also free to be bad. And free will is what has made evil possible. Why, then, did God give them free will? Because free will, though it makes evil possible, is also the only thing that makes possible any love or goodness or joy worth having. [C.S. Lewis]

Today I have given you the choice between life and death, between blessings and curses. Now I call on heaven and earth to witness the choice you make. Oh, that you would choose life, so that you and your descendants might live! [Deuteronomy 30:19 (NLT)]

Don’t you realize that you become the slave of whatever you choose to obey? You can be a slave to sin, which leads to death, or you can choose to obey God, which leads to righteous living. [Romans 6:16 (NLT)]

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JUDGMENT DAY WILL COME

Then I saw a great white throne and him who was seated on it. From his presence earth and sky fled away, and no place was found for them. And I saw the dead, great and small, standing before the throne, and books were opened. Then another book was opened, which is the book of life. And the dead were judged by what was written in the books, according to what they had done. … And if anyone’s name was not found written in the book of life, he was thrown into the lake of fire.[Revelation 20:11-12,15 (ESV)]

Before stepping inside of the Bern Münster Cathedral, you’ll probably stop and stare at the archway above the main entrance. There you’ll see 294 carved sandstone figures in a graphic illustration of God’s final judgment when the wicked are separated from the righteous. To your right are the naked damned souls in the midst of flames while, on your left, the righteous stand clothed in white and marked with the seal of God on their foreheads. Lady Justice with her scales and the Archangel Michael with his sword stand in the center. The entire scene is surrounded by larger statues of various saints and martyrs as well as the five wise virgins and the five foolish ones who weren’t ready for the bridegroom’s return!

Crafted in the late 1400s, this powerful visual sermon brings to life the biblical scene from Revelation of Christ’s return to judge humanity. While we’re not likely to find anything like that in our modern churches, the last judgment was a common theme for church doorways in the Middle Ages. Most people were illiterate and depictions like this one instilled both devotion and a healthy dose of fear into the hearts of the faithful as they entered God’s house. Nevertheless, to us in the 21st century, Judgment Day seems an odd way to welcome people into church!

For the people of the Middle Ages, however, death was waiting just around the corner. Unpredictable, it took the young as easily as the old. Between 1347 and 1353, for example, the Black (bubonic) Plague wiped out as much as half of Europe’s population. Disease, poor nutrition, famine, lack of medical care, inadequate housing, and violent warfare meant the average life expectancy was as low as 30 years. Leprosy, influenza, tuberculosis, small pox, and dysentery ran rampant, maternal and infant mortality rates were high, and, with no vaccines, antiseptics, antibiotics, anesthesia, or proper sanitation, death was an everyday event. Surrounded by the dead daily, death simply was an unavoidable part of life and one expected sooner rather than later.

Along with Revelation’s joyful news of Christ’s return and the world set right, is the prophecy that there will be a final judgment which, depending on the person, can be good news or bad. For those who put their faith in Christ while alive, there is nothing to fear; Jesus is forever. But, for those who ignored previous warnings and failed to put their faith in Christ while living, there are no second chances; eternal hell awaits. That frightening scene over the doorway was a vivid reminder that the day was coming when Jesus would return—a day when He’ll send His followers to everlasting life and the others to everlasting torment. With stakes like that and death within sight, the cathedral’s entry reminded people to be prepared for the day of judgment. Perhaps it caused them to ponder where they would be standing when that day happened.

Here in the 21st century U.S., we live in a safer more sanitized world than medieval Europe—one far removed from the daily threat of death. Although we know we have an expiration date, unless we have a terminal diagnosis, that date seems far removed. Nevertheless, death is an inescapable part of life. Regardless of how rich, famous, or beautiful we might be, death awaits us all just as it did for the people of the Middle Ages.

Whether our last day on earth is accompanied by the coroner or the sound of trumpets at Jesus’ triumphant return, that doorway in Bern remains a powerful reminder that the day of reckoning will come. On Judgment Day, anyone who has lived will appear before the throne of God and be judged, but only those whose names are in the book of life will enter the new heaven and earth. The stakes are as high today as they were more than 600 years ago and death’s arrival remains unavoidable. It’s been said that many who plan to seek Christ at the 11th hour die at 10:30! Where will you stand when Judgment Day comes? Where will those we love be standing?

When the Son of Man comes in his glory, and all the angels with him, then he will sit on his glorious throne. Before him will be gathered all the nations, and he will separate people one from another as a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats. And he will place the sheep on his right, but the goats on the left. Then the King will say to those on his right, “Come, you who are blessed by my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world.” … Then he will say to those on his left, “Depart from me, you cursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels.” [Matthew 25:31-34,41 (ESV)]

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HE CAME FOR US ALL

Put on your new nature, and be renewed as you learn to know your Creator and become like him. In this new life, it doesn’t matter if you are a Jew or a Gentile, circumcised or uncircumcised, barbaric, uncivilized, slave, or free. Christ is all that matters, and he lives in all of us. [Colossians 3:10-11 (NLT)]

It’s tempting to speed-read through the long genealogies found in the Hebrew Scriptures, especially the nine chapters of names in 1 Chronicles. Just when we thought we were done with them, we get to the New Testament and Matthew begins with a lengthy genealogy. His abbreviated genealogy, however, is more than a list of often unpronounceable names. Because it was prophesized that the Messiah would be a descendant of Abraham and from the line of David, Matthew takes us through Jesus’ family tree to firmly establish His royal lineage and legal right to be the king of the Jews. There are three notable omissions in the line of ancestors—the vile kings Ahaziah, Joash, and Amaziah, all of whom Scripture says “did evil in the eyes of the Lord”—but there are five remarkable additions. While highly unusual to mention women in a genealogy, Matthew mentions five women, all of whom had what we might call “colorful” pasts.

We start with Tamar who was married to Judah’s son Er. When Er died, Judah had his second son, Onan, marry Tamar to provide offspring so Er’s line would continue. Onan prevented that from happening, died, and Tamar remained childless. Although Judah promised his next son to the widow, that never happened. Taking matters into her hands, Tamar pretended to be a prostitute and duped Judah into having sex with her. Twin boys, Perez and Zerah, were the result of that union. Her unconventional behavior is a blemish on the family tree, but it’s nothing when compared to the next woman mentioned: Rahab.

When Rahab first appears in Scripture, she’s a Canaanite prostitute in Jericho. Even though she helped Israel’s spies, joined the Israelites after Jericho’s fall, and gave birth to Boaz, this Canaanite woman of ill repute is another blot on the pedigree of the Prince of Peace. The next unlikely name in this Jewish genealogy is Ruth, the Gentile widow who accompanied her widowed mother-in-law Naomi back to Bethlehem. Ruth may have been a devoted daughter-in-law but she was from Moab. Because Moab had opposed the Israelites and tried to curse them, her people were cursed and could not enter into the assembly. Nevertheless, she ended up marrying Boaz and was the grandmother to King David. A hated foreigner is hardly the ancestor you’d expect of the man who came to save the Jews.

Then we come to Bathsheba who was married to Uriah the Hittite. One of David’s mighty men, He was off fighting battles when she was impregnated with David’s child. Whether she was the innocent victim of rape or a seductive adulteress, her husband was murdered by King David and the child conceived in adultery died. While we know little more of Bathsheba, we’ve got the plot line of a soap opera now! The genealogy finishes with Mary, the mother of Jesus: a peasant girl from Nazareth who became pregnant before marriage!

These are hardly the kind of women about whom a good Jew would boast: a woman who used sex to trick a man, a prostitute from Canaan, a cursed Moabite, an adulteress, and an unwed mother! After neglecting to mention three kings, why did Matthew include these women? If women were to be mentioned at all, there must have been a few upstanding ones whose reputations were without blemish. Yet, in Tamar, we have a woman who sought justice on her own terms; in Rahab, a courageous woman with enough faith in the Israelites’ God to commit treason; in Ruth, a woman who abandoned her pagan gods for Yahweh and became a sacrificial servant to Naomi; in Bathsheba, a woman resilient in the face of the loss of both husband and child; and in Mary, a girl with a servant’s heart whose decision meant she faced scorn and shame because of other peoples’ assumptions. Despite the difficult circumstances each woman faced, God brought about much good. Damaged and vulnerable, these are the kind of people to whom we all can relate.

Matthew’s list is as much a theological statement as it is a genealogical record. It makes clear that both Jews and Gentiles had a role in the Messiah’s ancestry and that both should benefit from His sacrificial death. Jesus came for all people: men and women, rich and poor, native and foreigner, accepted and unwelcome, king and laborer, famous and infamous, strong and weak, honored and scorned, Jews and Gentiles—sinners all. He came to save each and every one of us and to make us members of the same family! Thank you, God, for the Christmas gift of salvation for all who believe.

For you are all children of God through faith in Christ Jesus. And all who have been united with Christ in baptism have put on Christ, like putting on new clothes. There is no longer Jew or Gentile, slave or free, male and female. For you are all one in Christ Jesus. And now that you belong to Christ, you are the true children of Abraham. You are his heirs, and God’s promise to Abraham belongs to you. [Galatians 3:26-29 (NLT)]


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