TRUE LOVE

Love is patient and kind; love does not envy or boast; it is not arrogant or rude. It does not insist on its own way; it is not irritable or resentful; it does not rejoice at wrongdoing, but rejoices with the truth. Love bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things. Love never ends. [1 Corinthians 13:4-8 (ESV)]

I was married fifty-seven years ago today. When I promised to love, comfort, honor, cherish, forsake all others, and to have and to hold my husband “for better for worse, for richer for poorer, in sickness and in health” until we parted at death, I had no idea just how bad “for worse” could get, how little money “for poorer” might be, or that sickness could mean much more than a case of the flu. I certainly never pictured us growing old with wrinkles, white hair, hearing aids, bifocals, arthritis, and the limitations that come advanced years.

My husband and I had known each other for less than a year when we made our vows. Although we took them seriously and sincerely meant every word we said, at 20 and 24, neither of us had any inkling of the challenges that would accompany parenthood or how difficult it can be to cherish someone whose words or actions hurt us or with whom we disagree. With 43% of all first marriages ending in divorce, we’re not the only ones who entered into marriage so naively. Since 60% of second marriages fail and 73% of third ones do, some people never learn!

Like many couples, we had 1 Corinthians 13 read during the ceremony. Paul, however, wasn’t writing to young lovers or for a wedding—he was writing to the church in Corinth. The word he used for love wasn’t eros, the Greek word for romantic or sexual love, nor was it philia, meaning brotherly love, or storge, meaning familial love. It was agape and describes the kind of love that comes from God (who is love) and the kind of love believers are to have for all their fellow travelers on this planet. Agape is an unconditional love that doesn’t depend on appearance, physical attraction, or emotions. Unlike eros, agape isn’t something we fall into or out of. Agape is more than a feeling; it is a deliberate choice (and one that must be made daily if any marriage is to survive)!

Although Paul was addressing his words to the church and specifically speaking about the necessity of love when using spiritual gifts, his description of agape love holds true in marriage, as well. In the decades since our wedding, we’ve experienced good and not so good times. There have been periods of plenty and sparseness, illness and well-being, tragedy and joy, fullness and emptiness, anger and forgiveness, excitement and tedium, labor and leisure, vulnerability and security, loss and gain, turmoil and peace, discontent and satisfaction. Although eros brought us together, eros alone couldn’t have gotten us through those times. Only agape love could have kept us together all these decades.

Agape mirrors the love God showed us on Calvary and, by the grace of God, our marriage survives because of agape! While Jesus’ sacrifice saved mankind, the sacrifices made in marriage save the unity of the relationship! The unrestricted, unrestrained, unselfish, and sacrificial love of agape is a conscious choice. None of us are loveable all of the time; we can, however, choose to be loving all of the time!

The love that is affirmed at a wedding is not just a condition of the heart but an act of the will, and the promise that love makes is to will the other’s good even at the expense sometimes of its own good—and that is quite a promise. … A marriage made in heaven is one where they become more richly themselves together than the chances are either of them could ever have managed to become alone. [Frederick Buechner]

So now faith, hope, and love abide, these three; but the greatest of these is love. [1 Corinthians 13:13 (ESV)]

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WHY THE DIFFERENCE?

Moses remained there on the mountain with the Lord forty days and forty nights. In all that time he ate no bread and drank no water. And the Lord wrote the terms of the covenant—the Ten Commandments—on the stone tablets. [Exodus 34:28 (NLT)]

Moses Fountain - Bern  Although three places in Scripture tell us that the Lord proclaimed ten commandments and wrote them on stone tablets, those tablets weren’t numbered (especially not with Roman numerals)! The original languages of the Bible (Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek) didn’t contain punctuation and the earliest manuscripts didn’t even have spaces between the words. While the words in Scripture are God-breathed, the punctuation was at the discretion of later copyists and translators. Without numbering, punctuation, or paragraphs, we can’t know for sure where one commandment ends and the other begins. As a result, while Jews, Roman Catholics, Protestants, and Orthodox Christians all observe the Ten Commandments, their commandments are not all the same!

For a Jew, rather than ten commandments, there are 613 throughout the Hebrew Scriptures. The first ten are called the Decalogue. While most Christians consider Exodus 20:2, “I am the Lord your God, who rescued you from the land of Egypt, the place of your slavery,” a preface to the Ten Commandments, it is the first one for a Jew and considered the most important because it establishes God’s authority for all that follows. Until that first commandment is accepted—that Adonai is one’s God—the rest wouldn’t be obeyed. The Jewish second commandment spans Exodus 20:3-6 and combines three prohibitions regarding idolatry: (1) no other gods, (2) no making of idols, and (3) no worship of idols. Commandments three through ten are the same as those recognized by most Protestants and Orthodox Christians.

Around 220 AD, the Christian Biblical scholar Origen of Alexandria numbered the commandments in the way familiar to most Protestant and Orthodox Christians. Skipping Exodus 20:2, He began with the prohibition of false gods “You shall have no other gods before me,” and continued with the second commandment prohibiting idols. The 10th commandment prohibited all coveting.

In the fifth century, however, Saint Augustine re-numbered the commandments so that the prohibitions about other gods and idols were combined into the first commandment. Making him short one commandment, Augustine then split Exodus 20:17 into two with coveting a neighbor’s wife the 9th commandment and coveting anything else of the neighbor’s the 10th. Although this required rearranging Scripture’s words, perhaps he reasoned that coveting your neighbor’s wife was vastly different than coveting his house or team of oxen. In any case, Augustine’s system was adopted by the church.

In 1054, the Christian church split into the Eastern Orthodox and the Roman. Orthodox Christians follow Origen’s numbering but include Exodus 20:2, “I am the Lord your God who rescued you from Egypt….,” in the first commandment. The Protestant Reformation of the 16th century further divided the church. Except for Lutherans, the Protestant church returned to Origen’s original numbering system. Perhaps because Luther was an Augustine monk for fourteen years, his version of the Commandments follows that of the Roman Catholic church with one notable exception. Returning to the original order found in Scripture, Luther’s 9th commandment prohibits coveting your neighbor’s house and the 10th prohibits coveting his wife, servant, animals, or anything else. In this way, Luther distinguished coveting the inanimate (house) from coveting the animate (wife, servant, etc.).

Who’s right? Only God know! Far more important than how the commandments are numbered, however, is what those commandments meant to the Israelites and what they mean to us today. The first three or four (depending on your denomination) have to do with mankind’s relationship to God and lay out our obligation to honor our Creator. The next seven or six (again depending on your denomination) have to do with the obligations we have to one another in family and society and lay out the foundation for building a community. Rather than disagreeing about how to number the Ten Commandments, we should make a greater effort to live the two spoken by Jesus!

Jesus replied, “‘You must love the Lord your God with all your heart, all your soul, and all your mind.’ This is the first and greatest commandment. A second is equally important: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’ The entire law and all the demands of the prophets are based on these two commandments.” [Matthew 22:37-40 (NLT)]

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AGE IS ONLY A NUMBER – Part 2

“Don’t be ridiculous!” Saul replied. “There’s no way you can fight this Philistine and possibly win! You’re only a boy, and he’s been a man of war since his youth.”… Goliath walked out toward David with his shield bearer ahead of him, sneering in contempt at this ruddy-faced boy. “Am I a dog,” he roared at David, “that you come at me with a stick?” [1 Samuel 17:33,41-43 (NLT)]

While reading about David and Goliath, I realized that it’s not just our seniors who can be undervalued or overlooked. It’s as wrong to disregard the youth in our midst as it is to discount the old. Likewise, just as some seniors may underestimate their gifts, the same could be said for those who still count the years rather than the decades! Age is just a number to God—He’s more interested in willing hearts than number of years!

As the youngest of his eight sons, Jesse took little notice of David and didn’t even include him in the feast when Samuel visited! God, however, doesn’t judge by appearances (or age) and it was the 10 to 15-year-old David who Samuel anointed king! When he faced Goliath, David was in his teens and Saul ridiculed him for thinking he could slay the giant. Like Saul, Goliath underestimated the young unarmed shepherd boy and the Philistine paid for it with his life!

Samuel was no more than 5 when he started serving Eli, the high priest and judge of Israel. He was about 12 when God tasked the boy with telling Eli that God’s judgment was coming upon him and his family. Most grown men wouldn’t have done that, but Samuel did and he continued serving God for the rest of his life.

Miriam was a young girl when she saved Moses’ life. It was her quick thinking that convinced Pharaoh’s daughter to hire their mother as his wet nurse. Saul’s son Jonathon was 20 when he and his armor bearer bravely attacked the Philistine camp and Jeremiah was less than 20 when God called him to be His prophet. While we picture Solomon as a wise old king, he was about 20 or less when he ascended the throne and sensibly asked God for that wisdom. Although Josiah was only 8 when crowned Judah’s king, Scripture tells us that he sought the Lord in all he did and showed more wisdom than far older kings.

Daniel, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego were between 13 and 20 when they courageously refused Nebuchadnezzar’s food so they could observe the dietary laws of the Torah and it was young Daniel who found the creative way of doing it. Having wisdom and understanding beyond their years, all four entered the king’s service in their teens and Daniel became chief of the king’s wise men. God began speaking to Joseph in prophetic dreams when he was 17, it was a young slave girl who directed Naaman to Elisha for healing, and Esther probably was 14 to 16 when she became queen of Persia.

Mary was no more than 16 when she accepted her role as the mother of God and Jesus was about 30 when he began his ministry. While we don’t know the disciples’ ages, we tend to picture them as mature men. Yet, a rabbi’s disciples usually were younger than their teacher so they probably ranged from no more than 30 to as young as 13—the age a boy usually became a rabbi’s disciple. When Christ was crucified three years later, they probably were between 16 and 33! Yet, those young men brought 3,000 to Jesus on Pentecost, formed a Christian community, preached in the Temple, spoke before the High Council, and defiantly continued to teach and preach that Jesus was the Messiah. Tradition holds that Timothy was about 16 when he became a Christ follower, under 20 when he joined Paul and Silas through Asia Minor, and probably in his mid-30s when he led the church in Ephesus. Youth didn’t deter the heroes found in Scripture!

Let us never make the mistake of writing off the young people in our midst just because of their age. Along with their amazing technical skills, they offer enthusiasm, energy, innovative methods, fresh insight, a “can do” attitude, and the ability to quickly learn new things. On the other hand, the younger generation shouldn’t discount their value because of their lack of years. God doesn’t care about age and neither should we! Let us all remember that it was a young boy’s offer of his meager lunch that saved the day and fed over 5,000!

Don’t let anyone think less of you because you are young. Be an example to all believers in what you say, in the way you live, in your love, your faith, and your purity. [1 Timothy 4:12 (NLT)]

“O Sovereign Lord,” I said, “I can’t speak for you! I’m too young!” The Lord replied, “Don’t say, ‘I’m too young,’ for you must go wherever I send you and say whatever I tell you.” [Jeremiah 1:6-7 (NLT)]

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UNICORNS

God brought him forth out of Egypt; he hath as it were the strength of an unicorn: he shall eat up the nations his enemies, and shall break their bones, and pierce them through with his arrows. [Numbers 24:8 (KJV)]

ancient mosaic of aurochSome believers insist that unicorns actually existed because they are mentioned nine times in the Old Testament. Claiming the Bible is completely without error, they insist that you must believe the same thing—including the unicorns! On the other hand, some people disparage believers and discount all of Scripture because of those same unicorns! Do we blindly believe or do we “throw out the baby with the bathwater” because of one word?

While the Bible is infallible, that’s not always true of translators. The Hebrew word used for this wild animal was re’em and seemed to mean a beast with a horn (but not necessarily only one horn). It’s found in Numbers 23:22, 24:8; Deuteronomy 33:17; Job 39:9,10; Psalm 22:21, 29:6, 92:10; and Isaiah 34:7. When looking at the context, re’em always refers to someone or something with great power. In Numbers, we find God comparing His strength to that of the re’em and, in Psalm 22:21, David refers to his formidable enemies as re’em.

By the third century BC, the language and culture of Greece had spread throughout the world and the Jewish knowledge of Hebrew was declining. The Jewish community in Egypt (along with the Hellenic Egyptian ruler Ptolemy II) initiated the translation of the Torah into Greek. During the next two centuries, the entirety of the Hebrew Scriptures were translated into Greek in what is called the Septuagint. At that time, the Hebrew re’em (wild beast with a horn) was inaccurately translated into the Greek monokeros (one horn). When citing the Hebrew Scriptures, the epistle writers quoted from the Septuagint and, since Gentile Christians knew nothing of Hebrew, the Greek Septuagint became the Bible of the early church.

Fast forward to the fourth century when Latin began replacing Greek as the language of the people. In 382 AD, Pope Damasus I commissioned his secretary, Jerome, to produce a new Scripture translation in Latin. Written in the Latin of the day, St. Jerome’s translation is known as the Vulgate. It is from this translation that we get English words like scripture, salvation, justification, and regeneration. In Jerome’s translation, the Greek monokeros became the Latin unicornis (a one-horned beast).

Fast forward again to the 16th century and the first English translations of Scripture—William Tyndale’s and the Geneva Bibles followed by the King James version in 1611. Although unicornis was rendered as unicorn in these Bibles, it’s unlikely the translators believed it to be the mythological unicorn. Not knowing what it was, they simply transliterated the Latin word into the English “unicorn.” Closely associated with chivalry, by the 1600s the unicorn was a symbol of purity and grace that could be captured only by a virgin. The horse-with-a-horn of myths and fairy tales doesn’t sound much like the untamable, ferocious, and powerful wild re’em of the Old Testament!

Nowadays, only a few Bible translations continue to use unicorn. I found only six (out of 62) and all of those are based on the Wycliff, Geneva, or King James translations. While most other versions translate re’em, monokeros, or unicornis as wild ox, a few use wild bull, rhinoceros, or buffalo. Since no one knows absolutely for sure, Young’s Literal translation returns to the original with reem! The Orthodox Jewish Bible uses wild bull, wild ox, and “re’eim (wild ox).”

So, what was the re’em? While it could refer to rhinoceros, buffalo, or antelope, it probably refers to aurochs, large cattle which once roamed Europe, Africa, and Asia. Ancient Assyrian and other Middle Eastern texts refer to this this wild ox-like animal with a similar word. Because ancient art usually depicted the auroch from a profile view (as does the ancient mosaic pictured), it appeared to have just one horn. Ancestors of domestic cattle, aurochs stood over six-feet tall and weighed over 2,200 pounds. Julius Caesar described them as “a little below the elephant in size,” having the shape and appearance of a horned bull, possessing “extraordinary” strength and speed, and being untamable, even when taken as calves. The auroch became extinct in Poland in 1627.

While we now have an answer to skeptics who mock us for believing in a book attesting to the existence of unicorns (when it doesn’t), we must be cautious in our response. Although Scripture doesn’t speak of a unicorn, that doesn’t mean some creature with just one horn never existed. After all, God created the one-horned narwal and rhinoceros, so who are we to say He never created something like the mythical unicorn? Although we’ve never seen them, we know animals like the wooly mammoth, dodo, saber-toothed tiger, and auroch existed. Having already seen strange creatures like jelly fish, giant anteaters, and the wildebeest, I know better than to deny God’s ability to create any creature He desires. What we can know for sure, however, is that the Bible can be trusted!

There’s no better book with which to defend the Bible than the Bible itself. [D.L. Moody]

God brings him out of Egypt, He is for him like the horns of the wild ox. He will devour the nations who are his adversaries, And will crush their bones, And smash them with his arrows. [Numbers 24:8 (NASB)]

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DENYING HIM (Part 2)

But Peter denied it again. A little later some of the other bystanders confronted Peter and said, “You must be one of them, because you are a Galilean.” Peter swore, “A curse on me if I’m lying—I don’t know this man you’re talking about!” [Mark 14 (NLT)]

goatDescribed as a “preaching genius…like no other preacher you have ever heard,” the late Rev. Fred Craddock was well-known for including stories in his sermons. He told one that took place during the early 60s in a diner in the deep South. Although the white Craddock sat in a booth and was served with courtesy and consideration, he silently watched the diner’s manager treat a Black man at the counter with rudeness, disdain, and open contempt. Although offended by the man’s racist behavior, Craddock remained silent. It was when he walked out of the diner after finishing his meal that the preacher heard a rooster crow. A signal of his betrayal, the crowing told the preacher that, by ignoring one of the “least of these”, he’d ignored Jesus! His silence was as much a betrayal of the Lord as were Peter’s denials!

Of course, to understand the impact of Craddock’s story on him and those who heard him tell it, you must be familiar with the story of Peter and his denial of Jesus. After finishing what would be known as the “Last Supper,” Jesus and the disciples went out to the Mount of Olives. When Jesus predicted that all the disciples would desert Him that night, Peter and the others protested saying they’d never deny Him. Outraged at the thought of denying the Lord, Peter insisted, “Even if I must die with you, I will not deny you!” Jesus, however, told the overconfident disciple that he would, indeed, deny knowing the Lord three times before the rooster crowed. Within a few hours, the man who claimed a willingness to join Jesus in prison and death denied knowing Jesus three times before the rooster announced the break of day with his crow.

The stories of Peter and Fred Craddock remind us that our faith is more vulnerable than we think. While I’ve never heard an actual rooster crow after denying the Lord, like those men, I’ve denied Jesus every time I’ve ignored His face in the faces of God’s children. While we may not have denied knowing Jesus as did Peter, like Craddock, we’ve denied Him when, like the goats in Jesus’ parable, we fail to be His disciples. We deny following the Galilean whenever we fail to be the hands of Jesus and serve the needy, to be the voice of Jesus and speak for the disenfranchised, or be the feet of Jesus and walk the extra mile for our neighbor.

Although Scripture assures us of God’s provision, presence, and power, when push comes to shove, it’s hard to fully trust a God we don’t see and whose ways we can’t fully understand! That’s when Satan gets busy behind the scenes instilling doubt, cowardice, and shame into our hearts. Rather than trust God’s strength more than our own, we begin to fear failure, rejection, and involvement. Rather than hear His call and cede control to Him, we’re like the priest and Levite in the parable of the Good Samaritan—we turn a blind eye to the suffering and a deaf ear to their cries!

We are fallen people living in a fallen world and, at times, we will fail to be the people Jesus calls us to be. We will fail to see Jesus in our midst and the cock will crow! Nevertheless, we must never allow those failures to defeat us. Peter—the one who lied three times with his blatant denial of Jesus—did not remain a prisoner to his fear or shame. He became the Apostle who boldly spoke of Jesus to the high council and, despite the threats, continued to speak of Christ until he, like his Lord, was crucified! Craddock didn’t let his failure stop him either. He told his story and others like it and, thirty years later, the man who remained silent when he should have spoken was named one of the twelve most influential preachers in America. Neither man was defined by his failures and neither are we. In nature, goats can never become sheep but, in God’s kingdom, by the power of the Holy Spirit, they can!

All men will be Peters in their bragging tongue, and most men will be Peters in their base denial; but few men will be Peters in their quick repentance. [Owen Feltham]

Your love for one another will prove to the world that you are my disciples. [John 13:35 (NLT)]

And he will answer, “I tell you the truth, when you refused to help the least of these my brothers and sisters, you were refusing to help me.” [Matthew 25:45 (NLT)]

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JUST LIKE US

But Moses protested to God, “Who am I to appear before Pharaoh? Who am I to lead the people of Israel out of Egypt?… What if they won’t believe me or listen to me?… I’m not very good with words. I never have been, and I’m not now, even though you have spoken to me. I get tongue-tied, and my words get tangled….Lord, please! Send anyone else.” [Exodus 3:11,4:1,10,11 (NLT)]

castle of spiez - knightWhen I learned about people like Abraham, David, Moses, and Samson as a girl, they were the Bible’s version of super-heroes like Batman or Superman. The Bible’s heroes were larger than life, obedient, invincible, and seemed to overcome their obstacles effortlessly. Appearing perfect in their faith and actions, they weren’t people to whom I could relate. In reality, they were as flawed as the rest of us but, for the most part, their imperfections and failures were redacted from the stories we learned in Sunday school.

As a child, I learned that David killed Goliath, was a great warrior, and wrote psalms but I didn’t learn about the 70,000 Israelites who died because he took a census or his sins of rape, adultery, and murder. When I colored pictures of Samson destroying Dagon’s temple, I didn’t know about the disobedience, lust, and pride that got him in such trouble! Although I learned that King Solomon was wise and wealthy, I didn’t know he disobeyed his father, broke God’s law, and over-worked and over-taxed his people.

Truth be told, the Bible’s heroes and heroines were as fallible, insecure, and willful as you and me. The apprehensive Moses listed all his shortcomings while arguing with God and the faint-hearted Gideon tested Him! Barren Hannah struggled with her sense of worth and Naomi grew bitter in widowhood. Moses let his anger get the best of him and Elijah prayed for death in the depth of despair. Abraham was a coward who, to save his skin, gave his wife to another man twice! Timothy’s youth made him timid and insecure and even John the Baptizer had doubts!

The families of our Biblical heroes were as dysfunctional as ours. There were bad marriages—Abigail was married to a brute and Gomer wasn’t faithful to Hosea. There was bad parenting—Eli and Samuel turned a blind eye to their sons’ sins, David failed to discipline his boys Amnon and Adonijah, and Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob played favorites with their sons. There was sibling rivalry—Miriam and Aaron grew jealous of Moses, Jacob stole Esau’s birthright and blessing, Joseph’s brothers sold him into slavery, Leah and Rachael competed for Jacob’s attention, and Martha and Mary had issues! There even was fratricide—Absalom murdered Amnon, Solomon had Adonijah killed, and both Jehoram and Abimelech executed their brothers! Their tangled stories rival the drama of “reality television.”

Indeed, there’s enough sex and violence in the Bible that children only learn the G versions of its stories in Sunday school. We, however, are not children and we need to look at the heroes and heroines of the Bible with the eyes of an adult. My purpose is not to throw mud on the Bible’s heroes and heroines—it’s to make them relatable.

Rather than super heroes, God used people as flawed and imperfect as we are and from families as screwed up as ours. Like us, they struggled with challenges, pain, infertility, temptation, impatience, anger, jealousy, depression, and even their faith. They faced real challenges, made mistakes, sinned more than once, questioned God, and even failed at times. If God could use such flawed people to accomplish His purpose, think of what He can do with you and me!

There will be no “knights in shining armor” in God’s kingdom; our armor will have many dings and dents. No, no perfect Hollywood heroes will ride to save the day; just wearied saints to look to God and, in weakness, find Christ’s strength. This, indeed, is the essence of God’s kingdom: divine greatness manifest in common people. [Francis Frangipane]

Each time he said, “My grace is all you need. My power works best in weakness.” So now I am glad to boast about my weaknesses, so that the power of Christ can work through me. [2 Corinthians 12:9 (NLT)]

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