Don’t trap yourself by making a rash promise to God and only later counting the cost. [Proverbs 20:25 (NLT)]
One of the most disturbing stories in the Bible is found in Judges 11. Before leading the army into battle with the Ammonites, Jephthah made a rash vow to the Lord—if given victory, he’d make a burnt sacrifice of the first thing to come out of his house to meet him upon his return. God granted Israel victory but, when Jephthah returned home, it was his daughter who came out to greet him. When the anguished Jephthah told her of his vow, the girl willingly accepted her fate. She only asked for one thing—to go into the hills with her friends to mourn that she’d never marry or know the joy of motherhood. When she returned, “her father kept the vow he had made and she died a virgin.”
Vows before a battle were not unusual, but Jephthah’s wasn’t typical. First, his motive was selfish. A victory meant personal power for this man. Having been denied his rightful inheritance and banished from the land, Jephthah only agreed to lead the army after the elders promised that he’d rule over Gilead if victorious. Although Jephthah’s reckless vow specified a burnt offering, it didn’t specify what it would be. In their Midrash commentaries, the rabbis asked what he would have done had it been an unclean animal like a camel, ass, or dog. Moreover, although his house included rooms for the animals, livestock usually didn’t greet people coming back from war, people did! Either the impulsive man didn’t consider the possibility it could be a person or that didn’t bother him.
Although a vow could be a sign of surrender to God in faith, Jephthah’s was abhorrent to the Lord. Rather than surrendering his fate to God, Jephthah was making a bargain with Him. Like Jephthah, do we ever bargain with God? Promising that if He does His part then we’ll do ours isn’t submission to Him—it’s manipulation and God can’t be manipulated. Moreover, there’s nothing we could offer God that could obligate Him to us in any way. By putting a price tag on His grace, we’ve insulted him by cheapening that grace. This appalling story reminds us that there are tragic consequences when religion is reduced to deal-making with God.
Offerings were supposed to be made joyfully but Jephthah’s vow meant he was willing to suffer if the Lord gave him victory. Although God firmly rejected human sacrifice in both Leviticus and Deuteronomy, Jephthah had a pagan’s understanding of Jehovah and was willing to do anything to guarantee Israel’s victory. During this time, when “all the people did whatever seemed right in their own eyes,” the Israelites were worshipping more than the Lord. They also were serving the pagan gods of the Canaanites. Human sacrifices to those gods were routine and Jephthah’s rash vow indicates his willingness to make a human sacrifice to become Gilead’s ruler.
Starting in Judges first chapter, when the people fail to drive the Canaanites from the land, the book describes Israel’s failures. By the second chapter, they’re already serving Baal and Ashtoreth. Although Deborah was the best of the bunch, the character of the judges deteriorates bit by bit until their story ends with rape, murder, and civil war! The entire book suggests that, rather than rejecting the idolatry and practices of the pagan people surrounding them, Israel adopted them. The story of Jephthah’s sacrifice of his daughter is meant to be horrible and shocking because it is the quintessential example of what happens if we do what’s right in our own eyes. When we do whatever seems right in our own eyes, we soon end up doing what is evil in the eyes of God—with nothing but tragic consequences!
In the years following the exiles’ return to Judah and the rebuilding of the Temple, adherence to the Law grew lax. Knowing how to live a Jewish life depended on knowing the commandments of the Torah but the people had drifted away from God and His word and were committing the same sins that got them exiled! More than fifty years after the Temple’s rebuilding, Ezra arrived in Jerusalem. As a priest and teacher of the law, Ezra was shocked to find such disobedience. He tore his clothes and pulled his hair in sorrow before kneeling in prayer. He led the people in prayers of confession and repentance after which they swore a solemn oath to follow the Lord’s commands.
When Nehemiah arrived in Jerusalem, over ninety years had passed since the first of the exiled Jews had returned to Judah. Although the temple had been rebuilt for seventy years, Jerusalem’s city walls and gates were still in ruins. Nevertheless, within fifty-two days of his arrival, the walls were reconstructed and new gates installed. That Nehemiah managed to accomplish in less than two months what hadn’t been done in ninety years is a case study in Management 101.
The books of Ezra and Nehemiah tell of the reconstruction of Jerusalem. Nearly fifty years after Jerusalem was destroyed, the first of the exiled Jews returned to the ruined city. Although his brother Hanani returned to Judah, Nehemiah, who served Persia’s King Artaxerxes as cup-bearer, didn’t. While his job included ensuring the safety of the king’s food and drink, Nehemiah was more bodyguard than waiter. In constant contact with the king, he served as both confidant and companion to Artaxerxes. He carried the king’s signet ring and possibly served as his chief financial officer.
The version of what we call “The Lord’s Prayer” in Luke 11 and the one we find in Matthew 6 are somewhat different. The shorter version in Luke was given to His disciples (probably on the Mt. of Olives) while the one in Matthew was taught to the crowd gathered on the hill by the Sea of Galilee as part of the Sermon on the Mount. It’s quite likely that Jesus gave this prayer example several times during his three-year ministry, each time with slightly different wording. Both versions, however, are probably shorter than the prayer most Protestants recite today. Missing is the phrase, “For thine is the kingdom, the power, and the glory, for ever and ever, Amen.” Because this phrase was not found in the two earliest Greek manuscripts of Matthew’s gospel, most modern Bible translations do not include it. Although found in later manuscripts, most Biblical scholars believe it to be a later liturgical addition to the original prayer. So, how did we come to pray this prayer in its longer form?
Devotions of the Heart 