WAS THERE RAIN BEFORE THE FLOOD?

…for the Lord God had not made it rain on the land, and there was no man to work the ground. But mist would come up from the earth and water all the ground. Then the Lord God formed the man out of the dust from the ground and breathed the breath of life into his nostrils, and the man became a living being. [Genesis 2:5-7 (CSB)]

double rainbowEarlier this week, I compared a fictional 21st century Noah with the original ark builder. Although I was told there had been no rain on earth before the Flood, since I hadn’t read it myself, I wanted to make sure before writing it. As it turns out, there is no clear decisive answer to whether or not there was rain before Noah’s day so I didn’t mention it at all.

Those who claim it never rained before the Flood occurred cite verses from Genesis and Hebrews to support their position. Genesis 2:5-7 tells us a mist covering the land watered the ground before the advent of mankind. Since rain isn’t mentioned again until Genesis 7:4 when God tells Noah He will make it rain, they assume the mist covered the earth until that time.

On the other hand, mist watering the earth prior to Adam doesn’t necessarily mean this canopy of water continued when Adam and Eve were banished from Eden. After the fall, things on earth changed radically—pain and death were introduced, the ground was cursed, and man had to toil to have food to eat. That neither rain nor drought are mentioned doesn’t necessarily mean they didn’t exist after the fall. It’s quite possible that the physical processes of water evaporation, cloud formation, and precipitation that recycle the world’s water supply today existed at the time of Noah, but we don’t know.

In Hebrews 11:7, we are told that God warned Noah “about what was not yet seen.” While that which hadn’t yet been seen could have been rain, it also could have been the phenomenon of a global catastrophe that started with a 40-day rainstorm flooding the entire earth and destroying every living thing on the earth. The event was so extraordinary that it would be one year and ten days after the rain began that Noah, his family, and the animals emerged from the ark onto dry land.

Once the waters receded, God promised that never again would floodwaters destroy all life; He confirmed His covenant with a rainbow. The timing of this post-flood rainbow is given as additional evidence that rain was a new phenomenon on earth since a rainbow requires the existence of rain. But, when God said, “I have placed my bow in the clouds,” He never said it was the first rainbow. God merely told Noah that it would serve as a reminder of His promise never to flood the earth again.

There is no way to know for sure whether there was rain prior to the flood and a case can be made for both sides of the question. Fortunately, whether or not it rained before the flood is a moot point because it doesn’t matter. Nevertheless, two valuable lessons were learned while I tried to answer that question. The first was simply to get our Bible knowledge first-hand!

The second lesson is that we should be cautious of reading more into a few Bible verses than what is there. There is a vast difference between speculation and Gospel truth and much of what occurred from the beginning of time through the 1st century AD is not mentioned in the Bible. After all, 400 years are missing between Malachi’s words and the birth of John the Baptist! Just because something isn’t stated in Scripture doesn’t necessarily mean it didn’t exist or happen! For example, Exodus mentions only two midwives by name but that doesn’t mean they were the only midwives serving several thousand Hebrew women! While we may find portions of Scripture ambiguous about peripheral issues (like rain or midwives), the Bible is quite clear about the essentials of Christian doctrine! Where Scripture is clear, we must be inflexible about the fundamentals of our faith. Let us be wary, however, of being unbending when Scripture is unclear and the issue is minor.

On the essentials, unity. On the nonessentials, liberty. In everything, charity. [Jack Hyles]

I have placed my bow in the clouds, and it will be a sign of the covenant between me and the earth. [Genesis 9:13 (CSB)]

By faith Noah, after he was warned about what was not yet seen and motivated by godly fear, built an ark to deliver his family. By faith he condemned the world and became an heir of the righteousness that comes by faith.  [Hebrews 11:7 (CSB)]

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SWEETER THAN HONEY

Your words were found, and I ate them. Your words became a delight to me and the joy of my heart, for I bear your name, Lord God of Armies. [Jeremiah 15:16 (CSB)]

“Son of man,” he said to me, “feed your stomach and fill your belly with this scroll I am giving you.” So I ate it, and it was as sweet as honey in my mouth. [Ezekiel 3:3 (CSB)]

Back in 1919, pharmacist W.K. Buckley created a concoction to treat coughs, colds, and bronchitis called Buckley’s Original Mixture. Buckley’s elixir was tremendously effective but its flavor was horrid. Nevertheless, their nasty tasting blend of things like menthol, camphor, Canadian balsam, and pine needle oil is still being sold more than 100 years later. The mixture’s longevity is due as much to the company’s straightforward and humorous “awful taste” ad campaign as it is to its reputed efficacy. With the slogan, “It tastes awful. And it works!” Buckley’s is described by consumers as “the worst tasting, foulest smelling, yet most effective cough remedy.” Apparently, it is. Despite ads admitting, “People swear by it. And at it,” consumers continue to endure Buckley’s ghastly flavor. Never having used Buckley’s (and not about to try), this is not an endorsement!

While nowhere as unpleasant tasting as Buckley’s Mixture, many Christians tend to treat imbibing in God’s word as they might taking a dose of it or some other nasty tasting medication: hard to swallow and consumed only out of necessity! While Scripture’s writers sometimes likened God’s word to food or wrote of its taste, they never described it as “drinking turpentine and transmission fluid mixed together, with a hint of menthol and petroleum” as do some of Buckley’s customers!

While the Bible can be said to be “good for what ails you” and “just what the doctor ordered,” reading Scripture isn’t like taking a dose of Buckley’s or castor oil. God’s word never should be treated as a horrible-tasting medicine—something taken only when absolutely necessary. Peter likened God’s word to milk while Paul and the writer of Hebrews compared it to both milk and solid food (like meat). Job reported treasuring God’s words more than his daily food and Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and the Apostle John all wrote of eating God’s word. And, unlike those who consumed Buckley’s, there were no complaints about its foul taste. In fact, Jeremiah found God’s words a delight and the joy of his heart while Ezekiel and John said they were “sweet as honey” in their mouths. In fact, Psalms 19 and 119 refer to God’s words as even “sweeter” than honey!

When God fed the hungry Israelites in the Sinai desert, His provision included more than earthly food. Along with manna, He gave them something beautiful with which nourish their very souls—His Word! When Israel arrived in the Promised Land, the manna stopped but God’s voice didn’t; He provided mankind with a feast from Genesis through Revelation—and that feast remains with us today. As Moses told the Israelites and Jesus repeated to His followers, “Man must not live on bread alone but on every word that comes from the mouth of God.”

While God’s Word has been described as “sweet as honey” in one’s mouth, unlike cotton candy and sugary sodas, there’s more to it than a sweet taste. Rather than empty calories, God’s words were described by Charles Spurgeon as, “full of substance—they are spirit, they are life, they are to be fed upon by the spiritually hungry!” Remembering that God spoke all of creation into existence with His Word, it shouldn’t come as a surprise that God’s Word is what sustains us, as well! Fortunately, the words of Scripture are sweeter and much easier to consume than Buckley’s disagreeable mixture!

The Bible is not an end in itself, but a means to bring men to an intimate and satisfying knowledge of God, that they may enter into Him, that they may delight in His Presence, may taste and know the inner sweetness of the very God Himself in the core and center of their hearts. [A.W. Tozer]

 He humbled you by letting you go hungry; then he gave you manna to eat, which you and your ancestors had not known, so that you might learn that man does not live on bread alone but on every word that comes from the mouth of the Lord. [Deuteronomy 8:3 (CSB)]

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FASTING ALLELUIA

Hallelujah! Give thanks to the Lord, for he is good; his faithful love endures forever. [Psalm 106:1 (CSB)]

Hallelujah! Give praise, servants of the Lord; praise the name of the Lord. [Psalm 113:1 (CSB)]

low bindweed“Alleluia” (or “Hallelujah”), like “Amen,” is a word familiar throughout Christendom. Meaning “Praise the Lord,” it is the transliteration of the Hebrew hallel, meaning to shine, be boastful, praise, or rejoice and Yah, an abbreviated form of the name of the Lord: YHWH (Yahweh/Jehovah). Although two distinct words, they were consistently written as one (halleluyah).  In the Old Testament, this extraordinary word occurs only in Psalms. Usually found at the beginning, halleluyah was an imperative call to praise or boast in the Lord—a call to shine a light upon Him! Whether we spell this beautiful word the Latin way as “alleluia” or the Greek way as “hallelujah,” the meaning is the same. Many modern translations simply translate it as “Praise the Lord!”

On the Sunday prior to Ash Wednesday, the pastor at our liturgical church selected “All Creatures of our God and King” for the opening hymn at worship. As we sang its many alleluias, I knew we wouldn’t be singing any more of them until Easter. When our pastor was a girl, on the Sunday before Lent, the church’s children would process into the sanctuary carrying a banner with the word “Alleluia” on it. After being folded and placed in a box under the cross, that word and banner wouldn’t reappear until Easter morning. Although we don’t physically put away or “bury” any alleluias at our church, she continues the ancient tradition by eliminating them during Lent.

As a way of highlighting the solemnity of Lent, the “putting away” or depositio (meaning burial) of the alleluia goes back to medieval times. Choir boys would process into church with crosses, candles, and holy water while carrying a casket containing an “Alleluia” banner. The coffin was then buried in the garden until it was unearthed during the Easter vigil. In Paris, a straw figure bearing an “Alleluia” of gold letters was carried out and burned in the churchyard. After the Reformation, many Protestants continued the tradition of eliminating alleluias during the somber penitential season of Lent.

One modern writer compared putting away our alleluias during Lent to putting away all our Christmas decorations in January. If we had the tree, nativities, and wreaths out all year long, they’d lose their significance. Commonplace rather than special, they’d be ignored and unappreciated. Because we put them away in January, they’re treasured when we bring them out again in Advent! Without any alleluias during Lent, we appreciate them even more on Easter morning as we praise the Lord with every “Alleluia” in “Christ the Lord is Risen Today.”

While many hymns include “alleluia” or “hallelujah,” it occurs in only four New Testament verses, all in Revelation 19, when a heavenly chorus sings “Hallelujah!” at the marriage supper of the Lamb. While Lent is a time to focus on recognizing our sin and need for salvation, fasting from alleluias for seven weeks reminds us that our story is not yet complete. The day will come when Christ returns and God’s victory is completed. When that happens, we will be part of that heavenly chorus and praise the Lord while singing “Hallelujah!”

The greatest adventure in life—knowing God—begins at the Cross of Christ and ends with a “Hallelujah!” [David Jeremiah]

Then I heard something like the voice of a vast multitude, like the sound of cascading waters, and like the rumbling of loud thunder, saying, Hallelujah, because our Lord God, the Almighty, reigns! [Revelation 19:6 (CSB)]

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IT IS WRITTEN

The thief comes only to steal and kill and destroy. I came that they may have life and have it abundantly. I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep. He who is a hired hand and not a shepherd, who does not own the sheep, sees the wolf coming and leaves the sheep and flees, and the wolf snatches them and scatters them. [John 10:10-12 (ESV)]

In a cartoon drawn by Paul Noth, an enormous political billboard overlooks a pasture inhabited by a flock of sheep. Looking up at the picture of a grinning wolf in coat and tie saying, “I am going to eat you!” one sheep tells another, “He tells it like it is.” Would that all politicians were so forthright!

While the cartoon was political commentary by Noth, the sheep and wolf reminded me of Scripture’s many analogies likening us to sheep and Satan to a predator like a wolf. Unlike that wolf, however, Satan would never be so honest as to openly announce his intention to devour us. Like many politicians, he distorts, deceives, and betrays us for his own purposes.

In Matthew 4:7-10, we read of Jesus being led into the wilderness to be humbled and tested. For forty days Jesus fasted and, during that time, Satan visited Him. Like a politician who, knowing the people’s hunger, promises a chicken in every pot, the tempter reminded Jesus that, as the Son of God, He could turn the stones under his feet into bread with just a word. Satan was tempting the hungry man to act independently of God and use His own power to ease His hunger. Jesus, however, responded by citing Deuteronomy 8 and telling Satan that God let Israel hunger so they would know that man doesn’t live by bread alone “but by every word that comes from the mouth of God.”

Satan then took Jesus to the highest point of the Temple where, like a true politician, he offered only a half-truth. Omitting a few words and misapplying God’s promise, he quoted from Psalm 91 that the angels “will bear you up, lest you strike your foot against a stone,” and dared Jesus to jump. The Lord again responded with words from Deuteronomy that, “You shall not put the Lord your God to the test.” [6:6] God is to be trusted rather than tested!

Finally, Satan took Jesus to a mountain peak and promised to give Him all the nations of the world if Jesus would kneel and worship the evil one. Like many a politician, Satan was promising something that wasn’t his to give—God the Father already had promised Jesus the kingdoms of the world! Countering Satan’s offer to take a shortcut and sidestep the cross, Jesus quoted the words from Deuteronomy prohibiting idolatry.

Satan tested Jesus by offering Him ways to take the easy way by misusing His power but, every time he did, Jesus refuted the tempter’s deceitful words with Scripture. There is power in the word of God that even Satan cannot deny.

Unlike the sheep in Noth’s cartoon, our shepherd has not left His flock defenseless; He’s given us the sword of God’s Word. Perhaps, it’s time to sharpen up our blades with some Bible reading so that, when we’re tempted, we too can say “It is written…!” It was Thomas Jefferson who said, “A well informed citizenry is the best defense against tyranny.” Those words apply to the citizens of God’s kingdom, as well; when we know the truth, the enemy can’t bamboozle us with his lies.

I have stored up your word in my heart, that I might not sin against you. [Psalm 119:11 (ESV)]

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IN PRAISE OF HIS WORD

I will meditate on your precepts and fix my eyes on your ways. I will delight in your statutes; I will not forget your word. … The law of your mouth is better to me than thousands of gold and silver pieces. … How sweet are your words to my taste, sweeter than honey to my mouth! [Psalm 119: 15-16, 72, 103 (ESV)]

The more you read the Bible; and the more you meditate on it, the more you will be astonished with it. [Charles Spurgeon]

BiblesPsalm 119, the longest of the psalms, is a song in praise of the Word of God. Since we don’t read this psalm in its original Hebrew, we fail to appreciate its intricate construction. Each of its twenty-two sections begin with a letter of the Hebrew alphabet in sequence. Each of the eight verses in those twenty-two sections begin with the letter that introduced it. For example, the first word of the first section begins with alef, as do the next seven verses. In the second section, every line begins with beth. The psalm continues that way up to the 22nd (and last) section where every line begins with the final letter of the Hebrew alphabet, tav.

Using a variety of synonyms (such as words, ways, precepts, testimonies, commandments, path, and law), the psalmist mentions God’s word no less than 183 times! Believed to have been written by David, Jeremiah, Daniel or Ezra, the psalm’s author refers to himself as God’s servant and claims to praise God seven times a day. Whoever it was, penning a 176-line song about delighting in God’s word as an acrostic was a true labor of love.

I thought of this psalm when reading author Ann Voskamp’s description of the joy with which a nomadic tribe in Northern Kenya reacted when Bibles arrived in their village. Packed in cardboard boxes, God’s Word arrived on the back of a camel and was greeted by more than a thousand Rendille tribespeople along with dozens of their distant neighbors. After waiting 30 years for this day, the Rendille finally had Scripture’s words written in their own language. Having written praise songs specifically for the celebration, the women sang, “We give thanks to the Lord. The Word of God is like a pillar in our life. We give thanks to the Lord for this day for it is the first time we have the Bible in our own language.” Voskamp described how several women even slept with their Bibles under their pillows, “because it was treasured. They had nothing more valuable or priceless in their entire lives than God’s Word.”  For these followers of Christ, their newly translated Bibles were better than “thousands of gold and silver pieces.”

Unlike the Rendille people, we’ve had God’s word in our own language since William Tyndale’s translation of the New Testament in 1525; ten years later, the entire Bible was available in English. As the best-selling book of all time, Lifeway reports that about 85% of American homes have a Bible and the average household owns between four and five! While I suspect those Rendille tribespeople regularly read their Bibles, the Barna Group found that only about 35% of Americans ever read any of it and 36% of Americans never read at all! Yet, last year, the American Bible Society found that 71% of Americans are curious about the Bible and/or Jesus. There seems to be a disconnect here! If we’ve got questions about cooking, investing, bitcoins, or a medical condition, we research those topics. But, when we’re curious about the Bible or Jesus, those four plus Bibles in our homes remain unopened!

Both the psalmist and Rendille tribespeople celebrated God’s beautiful gift of Scripture. Finding it as “sweet as honey” and better than gold, they treasured this lamp to their feet and light for their path. After witnessing the Rendille’s enthusiastic response to the Bibles’ arrival along with their gratitude and joy in the Word, Voskamp asked herself, “How many Bibles do I have that are on my shelf collecting dust? Do I treasure God’s Word like this?”

Hers is a valid question and one we all should ask ourselves. Do we cherish and appreciate God’s word as did the author of Psalm 119? Do we receive God’s love letter to His people with the enthusiasm of the Rendille people? We should! After all, other than Jesus, it is the best gift God gave to man! Scripture’s words belong in our hearts rather than collecting dust in our bookcases!

I venture to say that the bulk of Christians spend more time in reading the newspaper than they do reading the Word of God. [Charles Spurgeon]

Oh how I love your law! It is my meditation all the day. Your commandment makes me wiser than my enemies, for it is ever with me. … Your word is a lamp to my feet and a light to my path. … Therefore, I love your commandments above gold, above fine gold. [Psalm 119:97-98, 105, 127 (ESV)]

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DIFFERENT LISTS

“And behold, you will conceive in your womb and bear a son, and you shall call his name Jesus. He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High. And the Lord God will give to him the throne of his father David, and he will reign over the house of Jacob forever, and of his kingdom there will be no end.” [Luke 1:31-33 (ESV)]

doris longwing butterflyMost of us breeze through (or skip altogether) the Bible’s genealogies. Nevertheless, when genealogy and all those “begats” seem so important in Scripture, what explanation is there for the difference between the genealogies of Jesus found in Luke and Matthew? Because Jews were meticulous about recording genealogies, it’s inconceivable to have two conflicting yet correct lists of Jesus’ lineage.

The two gospels agree on one important point—neither Luke nor Matthew call Joseph Jesus’ “father”. Matthew refers to him as the “the husband of Mary, of whom Jesus was born, who is called Christ” and Luke simply says that Jesus was enomizeto (considered, thought to be, or assumed) to be Joseph’s son. While the two genealogies agree from Abraham to David, they differ from then on. Matthew says David’s son Solomon was Jesus’ ancestor and Luke says it was David’s son Nathan. While there are a variety of convoluted explanations, most biblical scholars believe these are two different, but equally correct, genealogies—Matthew’s through Jesus’ legal father, Joseph, and Luke’s through His birth mother, Mary.

With his frequent references to the Hebrew Scriptures and emphasis on Jesus’ fulfillment of Messianic prophecies, Matthew’s gospel has a distinctly Jewish viewpoint and it is believed that he directed his gospel to Jews and Jewish believers. Reflecting the importance of the Messiah’s lineage to the Jewish people, Matthew’s gospel begins by calling Jesus “the Messiah, a descendant of David and Abraham” and follows the traditional Hebrew format of going from the past to the present where he again identifies Jesus as the Messiah. Although Joseph was Jesus’ father in name only, he was the Lord’s legal father and scholars believe Matthew provided Jesus’ official (paternal) genealogy from Abraham to David to David’s son Solomon and eventually to Joseph. His list emphasized both Jesus’s legal right to be the king of the Jews as well as His fulfillment of the Messianic prophecies.

On the other hand, Luke addressed his gospel to the “most honorable Theophilus” and his primary audience is thought to have been mostly Gentile Greeks. Luke lists Jesus’ ancestry the Greek way and goes from the present to ancient past. Unlike Matthew, he doesn’t stop with Abraham but continues all the way back to Adam. Scholars believe Luke’s to be Jesus’ actual physical lineage through His mother Mary and her father Heli. While giving a mother’s lineage was unusual, so was a virgin birth! To a Gentile, if Jesus weren’t the physical son of Joseph, there would be no need to know the man’s genealogy. Rather than Solomon, Jesus’ royal lineage comes through a blood relationship with Mary’s ancestor Nathan, another of David’s sons with Bathsheba.

Luke placed Jesus’ genealogy after His baptism when the Holy Spirit descended on Him and a voice from heaven said, “You are my beloved Son; with you I am well pleased.” That heavenly voice established Jesus’ divinity—that He was the son of God. By tracing Jesus’ line all the way back to the first man, Adam, Luke established the dual nature of Jesus—that He was fully human as well as divine. It also emphasized Jesus’ relevance, not just to Jews, but to the entire human race.

We’re left with the problem of Joseph’s father—Matthew says it was Jacob while Luke says Joseph was ”of” Heli. It is believed that Heli was Mary’s father and, with no Greek word for “son-in-law,” scholars posit that Joseph became Heli’s “son” through his marriage to Mary.

Rather than contradicting one another, these two genealogies complement each other by giving us both Jesus’ official and actual lineage. They agree that Mary was Jesus’ mother, that her husband Joseph was not Jesus’ father, and that Jesus descended from the family of Judah as well as the house of David both legally (through Joseph) and by bloodline (through Mary). They show that Jesus fulfilled God’s promise of offspring to Abraham as well as his promise to David that His offspring would sit on his throne forever.

Contradiction is not a sign of falsity, nor the lack of contradiction a sign of truth. [Blaise Pascal]

I will surely bless you, and I will surely multiply your offspring as the stars of heaven and as the sand that is on the seashore. And your offspring shall possess the gate of his enemies, and in your offspring shall all the nations of the earth be blessed, because you have obeyed my voice. [Genesis 22:17-18 (ESV)]

Behold, the days are coming, declares the Lord, when I will raise up for David a righteous Branch, and he shall reign as king and deal wisely, and shall execute justice and righteousness in the land. [Jeremiah 23:5 (ESV)]

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