BATTLE PLANS

O our God, won’t you stop them? We are powerless against this mighty army that is about to attack us. We do not know what to do, but we are looking to you for help. [2 Chronicles 20:12 (NLT)]

rabbitYosemite Sam, the cartoon arch enemy of Bugs Bunny, used to exclaim “Jumpin’ Jehosophat!” I was an adult before learning that Jehosophat was the fourth king of the southern kingdom of Judah. It’s ironic that the king said to be jumping in Sam’s pseudo-swear is best known for standing still in 2 Chronicles!

Judah had been invaded by the armies of Moab, Ammon, and some of the Meunites. Surprised by the invasion and terrified of their powerful enemies, they turned to God. After ordering a nationwide fast, Jehoshaphat called the people to prayer in the Temple courtyard. Acknowledging God’s power and might, his prayer recalled God’s covenant relationship with His chosen people, admitted they were powerless against such foes, and asked for the nation’s deliverance. A Levite named Jahaziel relayed the Lord’s response. Telling the people not to be afraid, God assured them the battle was His, not theirs, and the battle would be won without any of them lifting a sword. They were to take their battle positions, stand still, and watch the Lord’s victory. Worship and praise followed this amazing pronouncement.

Nevertheless, as enthusiastic as Judah was that day, I wonder how confident they were the following morning when they marched into battle. Would they become easy targets as their army, clearly outnumbered, stood unmoving in front of their formidable foes? Perhaps Jehoshaphat heard some grumbling about this perplexing battle strategy because he stopped and reassured the men, “Believe in the Lord your God, and you will be able to stand firm. Believe in his prophets, and you will succeed.”

Jehoshaphat appointed a chorus to walk ahead of the army and sing praises to the Lord: “Give thanks to the Lord; his faithful love endures forever!” As the choir’s voices rose, the Lord caused the armies of Moab and Ammon to turn against the Meunites, after which they attacked one another. By the time Judah’s army arrived, not one of their enemies had survived the melee; all they had to do was pick up the spoils of war. As God promised, the enemy was defeated without Judah lifting a sword.

While we’re not likely to encounter an enemy army, we do encounter difficulties, temptations, and challenges every day. In essence, Jehoshaphat’s prayer was a simple one: “We are powerless, Lord—you must fight for us!”  Are we as willing to admit our weakness and turn to God at the outset of trouble or do we wait until we’re in the midst of a losing battle before calling on Him?

The hardest part, however, comes in trusting God’s plan. Jehoshaphat wasn’t the only one to be given an unconventional battle strategy by the Lord—God told Joshua to circle a fortified city for seven days, Gideon to severely limit his army, Amaziah to dismiss the trained mercenaries he’d hired, and David to wait for a sound in the trees before attacking. Yet, it was by trusting God’s inexplicable plan that all were victorious. Let’s face it, God’s way is often contrary to what we’d normally expect—turn the other cheek, love your enemies, bless those that curse you, forgive seventy times seven, and find strength in our weakness. Nevertheless, God’s way must be our way!

Jehoshaphat and his army trusted so much in God’s plan that they thanked Him for victory before the battle began. Their praise came before their victory, not because they thought God would keep his promise but because they knew He would! The previous day, the moment God said the battle was His, the Moabites, Ammonites, and Meunites were vanquished; they just didn’t know it then! Let us march into our daily battles as did the Judeans—trusting God and singing, “Give thanks to the Lord; his faithful love endures forever!”

This is what the Lord says: Do not be afraid! Don’t be discouraged by this mighty army, for the battle is not yours, but God’s. … Do not be afraid or discouraged. Go out against them tomorrow, for the Lord is with you! [2 [Chronicles 20:15b,17b (NLT)]

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ANOTHER RECKLESS VOW (Saul – Part 1)

Now the men of Israel were pressed to exhaustion that day, because Saul had placed them under an oath, saying, “Let a curse fall on anyone who eats before evening—before I have full revenge on my enemies.” So no one ate anything all day. [1 Samuel 14:24 (NLT)]

red cloverLast week, when writing how Jephthah’s reckless vow caused his daughter’s death, I remembered how Saul’s equally foolish vow nearly cost his son’s life. While Israel was at war with the Philistines, Saul and his 600 men were camped near Gibeah. Israel was seriously out-numbered by the better-armed Philistines and, because their enemy controlled the pass at Micmash, Saul’s troops could proceed no further. Although the rest of Saul’s men were afraid, Jonathan and his armor bearer were confident that the Lord was with them. Tired of the hopeless standoff with their enemies, the two snuck out of camp and headed toward the Philistine garrison. After passing through two treacherous cliffs and scaling a steep slope, they entered the enemy outpost and, outnumbered ten to one, killed them all.

Their brief skirmish threw the entire Philistine army into a panic and, when the earth shook, there was mass confusion among Israel’s enemy. Seeing the chaos from afar, Saul and his men rushed into battle. The battle went so well that even deserters who’d defected to the Philistines and Israelites who’d been hiding in the hills joined in fighting Israel’s foe.

During Jonathon’s absence from camp, Saul vowed a curse upon anyone who ate before evening and he exacted revenge on his enemies. Not knowing of his father’s vow, however, Jonathon paused during the battle to eat some honey he found. When told of his father’s vow, he recognized it for what it was—a foolish curse. “My father has made trouble for us all!” Pointing out how just a little honey restored his energy, he added, “A command like that only hurts us.”

Indeed, rather than inspiring his troops with his reckless vow, Saul impaired them and even caused them to sin. Because none of his men dared pause during battle to eat the spoil of their enemies, they grew fatigued. Had they not been faint from hunger, their victory over the Philistines would have been far greater. That evening, the famished men broke the law by not properly butchering the captured meat and eating it without draining the blood.

Upon discovering Jonathon’s accidental transgression, Saul insisted that his son deserved death. He was as willing as was Jephthah to sacrifice his own child to fulfill a vow that never should have been made. Backing down and allowing Jonathon to live would have required Saul to admit the error of his imprudent vow, so the proud king doubled down by making yet another rash vow—that God should strike and even kill him if his son didn’t die. Saul’s men knew that, without Jonathon’s courageous act, there would have been no victory to celebrate and refused to bow to the king’s wishes. In response to Saul’s vow, they swore that not a hair on the Jonathon’s head would be touched. Facing such bold defiance from his own men, Saul reluctantly rescinded his order. The man so willing to sacrifice his own son to fulfill his first foolish vow, was not so willing to face death to fulfill his second one!

Let us learn from the rash vows of both Saul and Jephthah and think carefully before making promises to God or anyone else. Talk is cheap—but not when it costs someone else their life!

As you enter the house of God, keep your ears open and your mouth shut. It is evil to make mindless offerings to God. Don’t make rash promises, and don’t be hasty in bringing matters before God. After all, God is in heaven, and you are here on earth. So let your words be few. … It is better to say nothing than to make a promise and not keep it. Don’t let your mouth make you sin. … Talk is cheap, like daydreams and other useless activities. Fear God instead. [Ecclesiastes 5:1-2,5-6a,7 (NLT)]

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JEPHTHAH’S VOW (Judges 11 – Part 1)

Don’t trap yourself by making a rash promise to God and only later counting the cost. [Proverbs 20:25 (NLT)]

oleanderOne of the most disturbing stories in the Bible is found in Judges 11. Before leading the army into battle with the Ammonites, Jephthah made a rash vow to the Lord—if given victory, he’d make a burnt sacrifice of the first thing to come out of his house to meet him upon his return. God granted Israel victory but, when Jephthah returned home, it was his daughter who came out to greet him. When the anguished Jephthah told her of his vow, the girl willingly accepted her fate. She only asked for one thing—to go into the hills with her friends to mourn that she’d never marry or know the joy of motherhood. When she returned, “her father kept the vow he had made and she died a virgin.”

Vows before a battle were not unusual, but Jephthah’s wasn’t typical. First, his motive was selfish. A victory meant personal power for this man. Having been denied his rightful inheritance and banished from the land, Jephthah only agreed to lead the army after the elders promised that he’d rule over Gilead if victorious. Although Jephthah’s reckless vow specified a burnt offering, it didn’t specify what it would be. In their Midrash commentaries, the rabbis asked what he would have done had it been an unclean animal like a camel, ass, or dog. Moreover, although his house included rooms for the animals, livestock usually didn’t greet people coming back from war, people did! Either the impulsive man didn’t consider the possibility it could be a person or that didn’t bother him.

Although a vow could be a sign of surrender to God in faith, Jephthah’s was abhorrent to the Lord. Rather than surrendering his fate to God, Jephthah was making a bargain with Him. Like Jephthah, do we ever bargain with God? Promising that if He does His part then we’ll do ours isn’t submission to Him—it’s manipulation and God can’t be manipulated. Moreover, there’s nothing we could offer God that could obligate Him to us in any way. By putting a price tag on His grace, we’ve insulted him by cheapening that grace. This appalling story reminds us that there are tragic consequences when religion is reduced to deal-making with God.

Offerings were supposed to be made joyfully but Jephthah’s vow meant he was willing to suffer if the Lord gave him victory. Although God firmly rejected human sacrifice in both Leviticus and Deuteronomy, Jephthah had a pagan’s understanding of Jehovah and was willing to do anything to guarantee Israel’s victory. During this time, when “all the people did whatever seemed right in their own eyes,” the Israelites were worshipping more than the Lord. They also were serving the pagan gods of the Canaanites. Human sacrifices to those gods were routine and Jephthah’s rash vow indicates his willingness to make a human sacrifice to become Gilead’s ruler.

Starting in Judges first chapter, when the people fail to drive the Canaanites from the land, the book describes Israel’s failures. By the second chapter, they’re already serving Baal and Ashtoreth. Although Deborah was the best of the bunch, the character of the judges deteriorates bit by bit until their story ends with rape, murder, and civil war! The entire book suggests that, rather than rejecting the idolatry and practices of the pagan people surrounding them, Israel adopted them. The story of Jephthah’s sacrifice of his daughter is meant to be horrible and shocking because it is the quintessential example of what happens if we do what’s right in our own eyes. When we do whatever seems right in our own eyes, we soon end up doing what is evil in the eyes of God—with nothing but tragic consequences!

In those days Israel had no king; All the people did whatever was right in their own eyes. [Judges 17:6 (NLT)]

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WAITING

Wait patiently for the Lord. Be brave and courageous. Yes, wait patiently for the Lord. [Psalm 27:14 (NLT)]

Be still in the presence of the Lord, and wait patiently for him to act. [Psalm 37:7 (NLT)]

tri-colored heron - breedingWhen writing about Nehemiah recently, I thought about waiting. From the time he learned of Jerusalem’s broken-down walls until he spoke to the king, three months passed. Day in and day out, Nehemiah was at the king’s side but remained silent about his concern. Trusting that God would provide the opportune time, Nehemiah patiently waited at the king’s side until God provided the perfect moment when the king inquired about his cupbearer’s sadness. Had I been Nehemiah, would I have trusted God’s timing and kept silent for ninety days? What about you?

Although David was between ten and fifteen when Samuel anointed him Israel’s king, it was not until he was thirty that he became Judah’s king. He waited until he was thirty-seven before he finally reigned over a united Israel. Rather than spending years running from Saul, David had an opportunity to speed up things when he was hiding with his men in the back of a cave and Saul came in to relieve himself. Without Saul knowing, David got close enough to stab him but he didn’t. Instead, he cut off a piece of Saul’s robe. Although he’d been promised the throne, David knew he was not to gain it by assassinating his king. He patiently waited for God’s appointed time. When he penned the words about waiting for the Lord in Psalms 27, 37 and 40, David was speaking from experience. Had I been David, however, I’m not so sure I wouldn’t have taken that early opportunity to claim the crown. What about you?

After Elijah told Ahab that God had determined there would be a drought until the prophet gave the word, he fled. The Lord told his prophet to hide by the Kerith Brook where he could drink from the brook and be fed by ravens. Because of the drought, the brook gradually dwindled into a rill and then a trickle until it was nothing but a dry gully. Nevertheless, as Elijah watched the water disappear, he faithfully remained there until God sent him to Zarephath. Had I been Elijah, would I have waited there patiently as I watched the brook turn to mud? I suspect I would have panicked and gone searching for water. What about you?

Joseph was just 17 when he was given two dreams about his family bowing down in submission to him, but at least twenty years passed before they actually did bow before him. Thirteen of those years, Joseph spent as a slave or a prisoner. Nevertheless, even though it looked like his vision would never materialize, he continued to trust in the Lord and interpret dreams, even while sitting in a prison cell and forgotten by Pharaoh’s cup-bearer. Had I been Joseph, I might have thrown myself a pity party and stopped believing those dreams. What about you?

Through no fault of his own, Joshua had to wait until an entire generation died before entering the Promised Land. Had I been Joshua, would I have trusted God that I would live long enough to see Canaan or gone ahead with Caleb? What about Simeon and Anna who waited decades for the Messiah? After so many years of disappointment, would I have grown weary of the fruitless wait and not gone to the Temple that day? What about you?

Although our timing and God’s timing are rarely the same, He always is right on time! He has complete control over the events in our lives and orders them according to His plan—even if that means we must delay getting a project started, hide in a cave, grow thirsty by a dwindling stream, sit in a prison cell, delay nearly forty years, or wait a lifetime to see the Messiah! Although these Biblical heroes all exhibited patience, they couldn’t have done so without faith! Rather than allowing themselves to be overwhelmed by their disappointment, distress, or challenging circumstances, they had unwavering confidence in God’s promises, love, and divine plan.

Trusting even when it appears you have been forsaken, praying when it seems your words are simply entering a vast expanse where no one hears and no voice answers…waiting patiently while seemingly starving to death, with your only fear being your faith might fail…this is genuine faith indeed. [George MacDonald]

 I waited patiently for the Lord to help me, and he turned to me and heard my cry. He lifted me out of the pit of despair, out of the mud and the mire. He set my feet on solid ground and steadied me as I walked along. He has given me a new song to sing, a hymn of praise to our God. Many will see what he has done and be amazed. They will put their trust in the Lord. [Psalm 40:1-3 (NLT)]

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SEVENTY YEARS

This entire land will be a place of ruins and an object of horror, and these nations will serve the king of Babylon for seventy years. “Then it will be when seventy years are completed I will punish the king of Babylon and that nation,” declares the Lord, “for their wrongdoing, and the land of the Chaldeans; and I will make it an everlasting desolation.” … For this is what the Lord says: “When seventy years have been completed for Babylon, I will visit you and fulfill My good word to you, to bring you back to this place.” [Jeremiah 25:11-12, 29:10 (NASB)]

leopard lacewing butterflyThe timelines in most Bibles indicate that the first captives were taken to Babylon in 605 BC and the first exiles returned to Judah in 538 BC. No matter how you figure it, the years don’t quite match Jeremiah’s prophecy of seventy years. Is “close” good enough for God or does He round up? If we are to trust Biblical prophecy, it should be accurate, and this apparent discrepancy is troubling.

First, we must determine exactly what Jeremiah prophesied would last seventy years. Thanks to a variety of theologians far wiser than I, my research led me to see three different overlapping seventy-year prophecies in Jeremiah’s words!

The first prophecy was that Judah and the surrounding nations would serve Babylon for seventy years. The original Hebrew was abad, meaning to work, serve, or labor for. Jeremiah 25:12 refers to seventy years being completed for Babylon rather than in Babylon. The Babylonian (Chaldean) Empire became the most powerful state in the ancient world in 609 BC when they defeated the Assyrian king Ashur-uballit II. For the next seventy years, all of the nations served them until Babylon was conquered by Persia in in 539 BC. The Babylonian kingdom could not withstand God’s promised judgment and, as prophesied by Jeremiah, it fell seventy years after it ascended.

The second of Jeremiah’s prophecies may have been about the Temple. In 25:11, he prophesied that the land would become a chorbah (meaning a ruin or desolation) and a shammah (meaning waste or horror). While I’d interpreted this to mean untended fields, the Babylonians left the poor and uneducated Jews behind to tend to the land. Rather than the fields, the prophet may have been referring to the ruins of Jerusalem and its demolished Temple. Indeed, the city of Jerusalem was desolate and “an object of horror” after the Temple’s destruction in 586 BC. In 516, exactly seventy years after its destruction, the second Temple was restored and there was feasting and celebration at its dedication. The city had returned to life and the second of Jeremiah’s prophecies was fulfilled.

Nevertheless, Jeremiah’s mention of bringing the people back in 29:10 certainly implies deportation. If the third overlapping prophecy is about the exile, how do we reconcile the dates? Let’s start with what we know for sure! The exile began in 605 BC when Nebuchadnezzar ascended the throne. The Babylonian army besieged Jerusalem for the first time and returned to Babylon with Temple gold and the first of the exiles. We also know that Persia’s Cyrus issued a decree allowing the Jews to return to Judah in 538 BC.

What we don’t know is what part of the year Cyrus’ proclamation was made, how long preparations took, the date the Jews departed, or when they arrived in Jerusalem. We can, however, make an educated guess! If the proclamation was made toward the end of 538, preparations for departure may not have started until sometime the following year. The Jews weren’t slaves in Babylon—they’d integrated into the economy and many had prospered. Except for the oldest exiles, Babylon was the only home they knew and a decision to resettle in Judah would not have been made quickly or easily. Those who decided to return had homes to sell, businesses to liquidate, possessions to pack, and livestock and provisions to gather. Along with everything else they packed, the exiles brought at least 61,000 gold coins, 6,250 pounds of silver, and 100 robes for the priests. Ezra tells us that Cyrus returned 5,400 articles of gold and silver taken from the Temple; cataloguing and carefully packing those items certainly took time. The exiles’ caravan consisted of 42,360 Judeans, 7,337 servants, and 200 singers (for a grand total of 49,897 people). There were 736 horses, 245 mules, 435 camels, and 6,720 donkeys. Regardless of when the proclamation was made, it’s not unreasonable to think that organizing and preparing for their departure may have lasted the better part of a year or more, bringing the departure date well into late 537 or early to mid 536.

The distance from Babylon to Jerusalem is over 500 miles as the crow flies; the exiles, however, weren’t crows and their route was about 900 miles. 80 years later, it took Ezra four months to make that journey (with fewer people, livestock, and supplies) so it probably took this first group at least that long (and probably longer) which easily pushes the timeline for their arrival well into 536! Even though Cyrus’ proclamation was made in 538, the Jewish exile didn’t end until that first group set foot back in Jerusalem which probably was in 536. In ancient times, any part of a year counted as a year and, counting inclusively from 605 to 536, that’s seventy years!

It seems that Jeremiah made three overlapping but equally accurate seventy-year prophecies. The first dealt with Babylon’s seventy years of power, the second was about the Temple’s seventy years of desolation and ruin, and the third concerned the Judean exiles’ years away from Jerusalem. As it turns out, “close” isn’t good enough for God and He doesn’t round His numbers! Jeremiah’s prophecy was right on the money!

He took into exile those who had escaped from the sword to Babylon; and they were servants to him and to his sons until the rule of the kingdom of Persia, to fulfill the word of the Lord by the mouth of Jeremiah, until the land had enjoyed its Sabbaths. All the days of its desolation it kept the Sabbath until seventy years were complete. [2 Chronicles 36:20-21 (NASB)]

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TALISMANS [1 Samuel 4 to 6 (Part 1)]

You must not have any other god but me. You must not make for yourself an idol of any kind or an image of anything in the heavens or on the earth or in the sea. You must not bow down to them or worship them, for I, the Lord your God, am a jealous God who will not tolerate your affection for any other gods. [Exodus 20:3-5 (NLT)]

During the time of the judges, the Israelites were at war with the Philistines. Following their loss of 4,000 men, they questioned why God had allowed their defeat but never bothered asking Him. Instead, they decided that carrying the Ark of the Covenant into battle would guarantee a future victory. Perhaps they remembered the story of Israel entering the Promised Land—how the Jordan River stopped flowing when the feet of the priests carrying the Ark touched the water and the entire nation crossed the dry riverbed into Canaan. They may have recalled Jericho’s defeat when Israel’s priests carried the Ark around the walled city for seven days and the city’s seemingly invincible walls collapsed. Maybe they thought it was the Arks’ presence that caused those miracles; in any case, they brought the Ark to their camp in Ebenezer.

Rather than put their faith in God’s power to save them, the men put their faith in a powerless box that held revered artifacts. While sacred, the Ark had no more power to bring victory than would a scarab amulet. Nevertheless, Israel put their trust in this talisman instead of God. I wonder if they blamed the Ark rather than their sacrilege when the Philistines defeated them, captured the Ark, and took it into their territory.

Israel failed to remember that, in the 400 years since crossing the Jordan and defeating Jericho, the Ark never had been taken into battle and, in both of those instances, God specifically commanded the action. Worse, the men had broken the first commandment by putting their faith in something other than God.

The Philistines may have thought themselves lucky to have captured the Ark but that quickly changed. Although they placed it in their temple next to their chief deity Dagon, the next morning, Dagon was found on the ground before the Ark, face down in a position of humility and worship. After the idol was returned to its place, it was found face down again the next day. Decapitation of foes and the severing of hands was a common practice in the ancient world and Dagon’s head and hands were broken off and lying in the temple’s doorway. Jehovah’s message was clear: Dagon was a powerless god who couldn’t even prevent his own execution in his temple!

Still, the Philistines failed to return the Ark and, when God sent an illness of tumors (possibly something like bubonic plague), they played a deadly game of “hot potato” for the next seven months by moving the Ark from town to town. Wherever it landed, however, the plague of tumors followed. When a cry went through the land, the Philistines finally returned the Ark to Israel. Like Israel, they made the mistake of attributing power to the Ark rather than to the great God Jehovah!

As did the Israelites, we must never put our trust in things—whether it’s lucky coin, crystal, rabbit’s foot, or cross on a necklace. Although a rosary dangling from the rearview mirror, an olivewood cross in your purse, a fish symbol on the trunk, a St. Christopher medal on the dash, or an angel pin on your lapel may serve as visual reminders of our powerful God, they are powerless to keep us from being lost, injured, ill, or getting into an accident, or having some other trouble. God cannot be manipulated to bring about good fortune! Treating any object (secular or religious) as a talisman or good luck charm turns it into an idol!

In the same way, we must never live in fear of things like the number 13, not forwarding a chain letter, or seven years of bad luck after breaking a mirror. Those things are as powerless as was the Philistine’s god Dagon. At its simplest, superstition simply is fear. As Paul told Timothy in his second letter, “God has not given us a spirit of fear and timidity, but of power, love, and self-discipline.” [1:7] Rather than fearing superstitions or symbols, we should fear God with a fear that manifests itself in our respect, obedience, submission, and worship of Him.

Divine protection and victory come from God alone, not from pictures, jewelry, talismans, or even the Ark. There is a fine line between respecting an object and idolatry. Philistine and Israelite alike crossed that line; let’s be sure we never do.

The idols of the nations are merely things of silver and gold, shaped by human hands. They have mouths but cannot speak, and eyes but cannot see. They have ears but cannot hear, and mouths but cannot breathe. And those who make idols are just like them, as are all who trust in them. [Psalm 135:15-18 (NLT)]

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